]Q0 M- A L 
arid geometrical, proportions. Kepler is quoted, and Des 
Cartes, on the geometrical part of harmonics hy dividing 
rioht lines. He denominates the lcwcft found of a com¬ 
mon chord the fundamental, five years before it was ufed 
by Rameau as the generator of a chord- The word con- 
cinr.ous, fo frequently ufed by Graflineau, teems adopted 
from Malcolm. Salmon’s temperament is confidered ; and 
liis propofal for reducing all cl a lies to one, difcufled and 
approved. Solmifation, according to the hexachords, he 
feverely cenfures. Laborde, in his EfTais fur la Mufique, 
has given a fhort article to this work, without faying who 
or what the author was ; but, in the index, he calls him 
Ecrivain Francois fur la mufque, “a French writer on mu- 
tic.” None of our biographical di&ionaries have honoured 
him with the lealt notice; though he certainly ranks high 
among nautical writers in our own language. Walther, 
however, tells us from Matthefon, that he was ein gelehe- 
ter Schotfandifcher cdilmann, “a learned Scots nobleman.” 
From the materials which lie had collected, an ingenious 
and lively writer might have made a captivating and in- 
ftruflive work. The difciples of Dr. Pepufcli, the only ftu- 
dious muficians of that time, condemned him for having 
difputed the utility of folmifation and the mutations, ac¬ 
cording to the hexagonal chords; but Chambers, in the 
ftrIt edition of his Cyclopaedia, was indebted to Malcolm 
for molt of his mufical articles. The French feem better 
acquainted with this book than the Englilh, though we 
have never feen a tranflation of it in that language; yet, 
in Rondeau and others we fee a frequent anonymous ufe 
-of this book. The author has indeed often availed liim- 
fdf of Perrault’s Philofophy of Sound, but not without 
naming him. He denies mufic in parts to the ancients, 
and feems to have been one of the firlt writers on the fub- 
jeft, who dared to doubt that a mufic, capable of fuch 
miraculous effects as were afcribed to if, fliould be defi¬ 
cient in that part of modern mufic which affords us the 
greateft pleafure. 
MALCON'NA,/. A treafury, or ftore-houfe, in Hm- 
dooftan. Roberts's Indian GloJJary. 
MAL'DA, a town of Ilindooflan, in Me war: thirty 
miles fouth-fouth-well of Afawully. 
MALDE'E, a town of Perfia, in the province of Segef- 
tan : 141 miles eaft-north-eaft of Zareng. 
MALDEGHF.M', a town of France, in the department 
of the Lys: ten miles ealt of Bruges. 
MAL'DEN, or Mal'don, a town of England, in the 
county of Eifex, lituated on the river Blackwater, called 
Malden Water ; fuppofed to have been the relidence of Cu- 
robeline, or Cymbeline, a Britilh king. It had anciently 
the name of Camelodunum, and w as the firlt Roman colony in 
Britain. The town was taken by the emperor Claudius, in 
the year43, who, placing a flout band of veterans in it, called 
it Colonia Viciricentis ; helikewife coined money in memory 
of this exploit, on which was inferibed Col. Cameloduni. 
The Romans alfo ereded here a temple to the honour of 
Claudius, in which was an altar, called the altar of Eter¬ 
nal Dominion, and certain prielts, termed Sodales Auguf- 
tales, were appointed to attend it; but the cruelty and op- 
prellion of the Roman loldiers of this ftation lo exafpe- 
vated the Britons, and in particular Boadicea queen of 
the Iceni, who perfonally received the grofleft and moft 
difgraceful infults, that Ihe colleded a numerous army, 
■and belieged, plundered, and burnt, the city. She after¬ 
wards ftormed the temple where the loldiers were aflem- 
bled to defend themlelves, and in two days’ time fne put 
them all to the fword. She likewife routed the ninth le- 
pion, who came to their afliftance, in fuch'a manner as to 
have killed 70,000 Romans and their allies. The Romans 
•rebuilt it fome time after, as appears from the Itinerary 
of Antoninus, who takes notice of it as being a Roman 
Jlation. After this, king Edward the Elder, finding it 
greatly injured by the Danes, repaired and fortified it 
with a cafile. 
Malden is at prefent a populous boroughy governed by 
two bailiffs, eight aldermen, a Reward, recorder, and,eigh¬ 
teen capital burgefl'es. It fent members 2 Edward III. 
. M A L 
It was incorporated 1 Philip and Maty, 1554, and fends 
two members to parliament; but the charter, it is faid, 
has been loft thefe forty years. The number of voters at 
the laft election was J95. Returning-officers, the two bai¬ 
liffs. The influence in this borough, if a pofitive one 
may be faid to exift, is between Jofeph Holden Strut, efq. 
ar.d Col. Galkell, the prefent members. The houfe of 
commons having determined, that honorary freemen, and 
freemen claiming their right by purchafe, have not a right 
to vote for members to lerve in parliament for this place, 
effectually prevents the fabrication of votes for time-ferv- 
ing purpofes, which has been practifed at Durha m, Car- 
1 ilie, Seaford, ami other places; but the number of voters 
is too fmall to place them beyond the grafp of venality 
and influence, as we have feen experienced by the con¬ 
viction of the late Bamber Gafcoigne, efq. 
Here is a convenient haven for (hips. The chancel, at 
fpring-tides, will bring up veflels that draw eight feet of 
water; but the colliers lie in deep water below the town, 
and the coals are fetched up in lighters. The corn-veflels 
bring, from the chalk-wharfs in Kent, great quantities of 
chalk-rubbifii for manuring land, as likewife chalk to 
make litne with for building and manure. The rivers 
Chehnerand Blackwater empty themlelves into this chan¬ 
nel. The town confifts of one ffreet near a mile long, and 
another pretty long ffreet, befides back lanes. The prin¬ 
cipal part of it is lituated on an eminence, which com¬ 
mands many agreeable profpefts, the hill being very (teep 
from the channel to the top of the town, it is greatly 
improved within thefe thirty years, as the old houl'es are 
beautified,.new ones built, and a new and handfonie bath 
eredted, which brings much genteel company. The cuf- 
tom of Borough-Englilh is kept up here, by which the 
youngeff fon, and not theeldeff, fucceeds to the burgage- 
tenement on the death of his father; as to w hich fee vol. iii. 
p. 219. 
Malden had formerly three pariflies, but two of them.: 
have long been confolidated. The principal church, that 
of All Saints, is an ancient and fpacious edifice, with a 
fquare tower terminated by a triangular fpire ; in the fouth, 
or d’Arcy’s, aide, three chantries were founded in tire 
reign of Henry VI. by Robert d’Arcy, efq. of Danbury, 
fcveral of whole family were buried here. Near this church 
is the town-hall, which is a large and ancient brick-build¬ 
ing. St. Mary’s church is a fpacious pile, lituated in 
the lower part of the towfii, and recorded to have been 
founded by Ingelric, a Saxon nobleman, previous to the 
Norman conqueft; the tower, with part of the church, was 
rebuilt in the reign of Charles I. St. Peter’s, the parifli 
united to All Saints, had formerly a church, of which tire 
.tower only is now Handing ; attached to it is a building, 
eredted by Dr. Thomas Plume, archdeacon of Rochefte"?, 
for a grammar-fchool and, library. This gentleman was 
born at Malden in 1630 ; and in the latter part of his life 
became a great benefactor to his native town, as well as 
to feveral other places. The books contained in the li¬ 
brary were his own collection, and are ordered to be lent 
out for general ufe. He appropriated the rents of a farm 
at Iltney, to keep the f'chool and library in repair. He 
alfo gave 200I. to build a work-houfe for the poor; and 
1000I. more to eftablilh the trade of weaving fackcloth to 
employ them. The Plumian profeff'orfhip of aftronorny 
and natural philofophy at Cambridge was founded by a 
bequeft of 1902I. which he left for thatpurpofe. He died 
in 1704. Richard de Gravefend, bifhop of London, about 
the year 1291, founded a imall priory for Carmelites or 
white monks, in Malden, which continued till the diflo- 
lution. Several eminent fcholars are mentioned by Bail 
and others, as having been inmates of this monaftery. In 
the forty-feventh volume of the Philofophical Tranfa&ions 
is an account of Edward Bright, a fhopkeeper of this 
town, who was fo enorrnoufly fat, that his fize and weight 
are alrnoft, unparalleled in the hiftory of the human race. 
At the age of twelve years and a half, his weight was 
144I0S. increafing in bulk as he grew up, in feven years 
more Jje weighed 236lbs. He increafed in bulk in nearly 
the 
