208 
M A L 
the town to him on favourable terms. St. Malo has al¬ 
ways been, a port for privateers, and has confequently 
been very troublefome to the trade of England. In the 
year 1693, it was bombarded by the Englilh, under Capt. 
Benbow, by which fome damage was done to the town. 
Some other attempts have been made, but without fuccefs. 
Howel, who vifited this place in 1620, fays, “This town 
of St. Malo hath one rarity in it; for there is here a per¬ 
petual garrifon of Englifh, but they are of Englilh dogs, 
which are let out in the night to guard the fhips, and eat 
the carren up and down the ftreets ; and fo they are fliut 
up again in the morning.” St. Malo is eight pofts north 
of Rennes, and forty-fix weft of Paris. Lat. 48. 38. N. 
Ion. 1. 56. W. 
MA'LO-DE-LA-LAN'DE (St.), a town of France, in 
the department of the Channel, and chief place of a can¬ 
ton, in the diltriCt of Coutances. The place contains 449, 
and the canton 10,252, inhabitants, in thirteen communes. 
MA'LO AFFI'NIS. See Psidium. 
MALOGOC'Z, a town of Aultrian Poland, in the pala¬ 
tinate of Sandomirz : fixty miles weft of Sandomirz, thirty- 
fix north-north-eaft of Cracow, and 104 fouth-fouth-weft 
of Warfaw. Lat. 50. 4. N. Ion. 20. 18. E. 
MALOIAROSLAV'ETZ, a diftriCt-town of Ruliia, in 
the government of Kaluga: thirty-two miles north of 
Kaluga, and feventy-three from Mofcow. Lat. 55. N. 
Ion. 36. 14. E. 
MALOKET'SKOI, a town of Ruflia, in the govern¬ 
ment of Tobollk : thirty miles fouth-weft of Kemlkoi. 
MALONG', a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 
Yun-nan : 1105 miles fouth-fouth-weft of Pekin. Lat. 
25. 30. N. Ion. 103. 16. E. 
MALONG', a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic : 
eighteen miles fouth of Madura. 
MALO'NE (Edmund), defcended from an Irifh family 
of the higheft antiquity, (fee the article Heraldry, vol. 
ix. 677.) was born at his father’s houfe in Dublin, on the 
4th of October, 1741. He was educated at the fchool of 
Dr. Ford, in Moleiworth-ftreet; and went from thence, in 
the year 1756, to the Univerfity of Dublin, where he took 
the degree of B.A. Here his talents very early difplayed 
themfelves ; and, to ule the words of a molt refpeCtable 
gentleman, his cotemporary, “ he was diftinguiihed by 
a fuccefsful competition for academical honours with fe- 
veral young men, who afterwards became the ornaments 
of the Irilli fenate and bar.” He appears frequently at 
this period, in common with fome of his accomplilhed 
cotemporaries, to have amufed himfelf with flight poeti¬ 
cal compofitions ; and on the marriage of their prefent 
inajefties contributed an Ode to the collection of congra¬ 
tulatory verfes which ilfued on that event from the Uni- 
veriity of Dublin. In 1763, he became a ftudent in the 
Inner Temple; and in 1767 was called to the Irilli bar. 
At his fir 11 appearance in the courts, he gave every pro- 
mife of future eminence; but, an independent fortune 
* having foon after devolved upon him, he felt himfelf at 
liberty to retire from the bar, and devote his whole atten¬ 
tion in future to thole literary purfuits which have laid 
the foundation of his fame, and have entitled him to the 
gratitude of every Englilh fcholar. With a view to thofe 
fuperior opportunities for information and ltudy, and the 
fociety which London affords, he foon after fettled in that 
metropolis; and refided there with very little intermilfion 
for the remainder of his life. Such fociety, indeed, as he 
met with there mult have been a perpetual fealt of intel¬ 
lectual enjoyment to one fo well-qualified to appreciate its 
value. Among the many eminent men with whom he 
became early acquainted, he was naturally drawn (by the 
piithufiaftic admiration which he felt for Shakefpeare, and 
the attention which he had already paid to the elucidation 
of his works) into a particularly^ntimate intercourfe 
with Mr, Steevens. The juft views which he himfelf had 
formed led him to recognize, in the fyftem of criticifm and 
illuftration which that gentleman then adopted, the only 
{nean 3 by which a correct exhibition of our great poet 
M A L 
could be obtained. Mr. Steevens was gratified to find 
that one fo well acquainted with the fubjeft entertained 
that high eftimation of his labours which Mr. Maloneex- 
preffed ; and very foon difeovered the advantage he might 
derive from the communications of a mind fo richly ftored. 
Mr. Malone was ready and liberal in imparting his know¬ 
ledge, which, on the other part, was moll gratefully re¬ 
ceived. Mr. Steevens having publilhed a fecond edition 
of his Shakefpeare in 1778 ; Mr. Malone, in 1780, added 
two fupplementary volumes, which contained fome addi¬ 
tional notes, Shakefpeare’s poems, and feven plays which 
have been aferibed to him. 
There appears up to this time to have been no inter¬ 
ruption to their friendlhip; but, on the contrary, Mr. 
Steevens, having formed a defign of relinquilhing all fu¬ 
ture editorial labours, moft liberally made a prefent to 
Mr. Malone of his valuable collection of old plays, de¬ 
claring that he himfelf was now become “ a dowager com¬ 
mentator.” It is painful to think that this harmony 
fhould ever have been dilturbed, or that any thing Ihould 
have created a variance between two fuch men, who 
were fo well qualified to co-operate for the benefit of the 
literary world. Mr. Malone, having continued his re- 
fearches into all the topics which might ferve to illuftrate 
our great dramatift, difeovered, that, although much had 
been done, yet that much (till remained for critical in- 
dultry ; and that a (till more accurate collation of the early 
copies than had hitherto taken place was neceffary to¬ 
wards a correft and faithful exhibition of the author’s 
text. His materials accumulated fo faft, that he deter¬ 
mined to appear before the world as an editor in form. 
From that moment he feems to have been regarded with 
jealoufy by the 1 elder commentator, who aopears to have 
fought an opportunity for a rupture, which lie foon after¬ 
wards found, or rather created. But it is neceffary to go 
back fora moment, to point out another of Mr. Malone’s 
productions. 
There are few events in literary hiftory more extraordi¬ 
nary in all its circumftances than the publication of the 
poems attributed to Rowley. Mr. Malone was firmly 
convinced that the whole was a fabrication by Chatterton ; 
and, to fupport his opinion, publiftied one of the earlieft 
pamphlets which appeared in the courfe of this lingular 
controverfy. By exhibiting a feries of fpecimens from 
early Englilh writers, both prior and pofterior to the pe¬ 
riod in which this fuppofed poet was reprefented to have 
lived, he proved that his ftyle bore no refemblance to ge¬ 
nuine antiquity ; and by (tripping Rowley of his antique 
garb, which was eafily done by the fubftitution of modern 
lynonymous words in the place of thofe obfolete expref- 
fions which are fprinkled throughout tliefe compofitions, 
and at the fame time intermingling fome archaeological 
phrafes in the acknowledged productions of Chatterton, 
lie clearly Ihowed that they were all of the fame character, 
and equally bore evident marks of modern verfification, 
and a modern liructure of language. He was followed by 
Mr. Warton and Mr. Tyrwliitt, in his Second Appendix; 
and, although a few ftraggling believers yet exilt, the 
public mind is pretty well made up upon the fubjeft. 
But to return to Shakefpeare. While Mr. Malone was 
engaged in this work, he received from Mr. Steevens a 
requeft of a moft extraordinary nature. In a third edition 
of Johnfon and Steevens’s Shakefpeare, which had been 
publilhed under the fuperintendance of Mr, Reed, in 1785, 
Mr. Malone had contributed fome notes in which Mr. 
Steevens’s opinions were occalionally controverted. Tliefe 
he was now defiled “ to retain in his new edition, exaCtly 
as they ftood before, in order that Mr. S. might anfwer 
them.” Mr. Malone replied, that he could make no fuch 
promife; that he mult feel himfelf at liberty to correct his 
obfervations, where they were erroneous; to enlarge them, 
where they were defective ; and even to expunge them 
altogether, where, upon further conlideration, he was 
convinced they were wrong; in (holt, be was bound to 
prefent his work to the public as perfect as he could make 
it. 
