232 M A I. 
chiefly in the lower parts, where it farms veins which tra- 
vc-rfe the other rocks. The ftratified rocks which occupy 
the country to the weftward, rife to a confiderable height 
on the fide of the range. The mod northern hill in the 
range is called the End-hill, and is compofed of granite. 
On the End-hill, alfo, but higher than the granite, there 
is a rock of a purpliffi brown colour, compofed of horn¬ 
blende and felfpar, with a little quartz. On the north fide 
of the fame hill, a rock occurs, made up nearly of equal 
parts of hornblende and epidote. The North-hill, near 
the former, and lomewhat to the weft of it, contains alfo 
granite. The Worcefterffiire Beacon is another of the 
moft remarkable points in this range, and is an ag¬ 
gregate rock, confiding of fmall angular and rounded 
iraginents of quartz and felfpar, cemented by a ferrugi¬ 
nous bafe. At the top, this hill confifts almoft entirely 
of granite; and, on the eaftern fide, greenftone is the pre¬ 
vailing rock. The Swinet-hiil is one of the moft remark¬ 
able points in the Malvern chain ; and the upper part of 
it is compofed of a granite, more diftinblly charatterified 
than the greater part of thofe found in this diftrict. It 
is, however, very different from an alpine granite. The 
mica is in minute fpecks, and in very fmall quantity : 
the rock is not ftratified. Thus it appears, that the ridge, 
or the liigheft points in the range, are compofed of gra¬ 
nite, and other unftratified rocks. On the weft fide, ftrata 
occur; fome of coarfegrained fandftone, others of a com¬ 
pact quartz fandftone ; one of thefe is faid to be found 
in thin layers, with a bearing parallel to the direction of 
the range, but dipping towards the eaft at an angle of 
about 6o°. On this fide, alfo, lower down, is alimeftone- 
ridge, that dips, to the weft, at an angle of about 40 0 . 
The ftrata, indeed, all along, feem to be in a very erebt 
pofition. There are alfo argillaceous flaty ftrata, bearing 
north and fouth, with an elevation of 65° weftward, or to¬ 
wards the Leadbury Hills, a low ridge, which, at the dif- 
tance of about two miles, runs parallel to the Malvern 
Hills. The direction of the ftratified rocks is, with a few 
exceptions, parallel to that of the range : but there is great 
irregularity in the dip. The ftrata neareft the unftrati- 
fied rocks dip at a confiderable angle towards the weft ; 
though, in fome places they dip in an oppofite dire&ion, 
that is, toward the hill; and they were obferved in this 
pofition at the greateft height to which they afcend. The 
two fides of the Malvern ridge are in many refpefts con- 
liderably unlike. On the eaft fide, a level plain extends 
for many miles; and the ftreams that rife on the fides 
of the ridge run direftly eaftward to the Severn. On 
the weft fide, there is a conftant fucceflion of hills; 
and the ftream6 run, not at right angles to the ridge, but 
rather in the direction of it; fome to the fouth, and others 
to the north. The ftrata on the weft fide are confidered 
by Mr. Horner as belonging to the order of tranfition- 
rocks. The remarkable variations that occur in their di¬ 
rection and dip, make it probable that they have been 
forcibly elevated from the horizontal pofition in which 
they were originally depofited, and thrown into the dif¬ 
ferent fituations in which they are now found. 
From the Malvern Hills iflue various fprings, of differ¬ 
ent quantities, according to the fubftances they are impreg¬ 
nated with; butthat which has forfeveral ages been reputed 
of peculiar medicinal efficacy, and has obtained the name 
of the Holy Well, rifes about half way up the eaft of a hill, 
nearly midway between Great and Little Malvern. The 
fource of the 1'pring is fecured by a convenient erection, 
containing a bath and otheraccommodations. See the Phil. 
Tranf. vol. xlix. and 1 . as to the qualities of thefe waters, 
and.the cures performed by them. Shaw's Tour into the Weji 
of England. Wilkes's Britijh DireElory, vol. iv. England’s Gaz. 
TranJ. of the Geological Society , vol. i. 
MALVERSATION, f [French.'] Bad fhifts; mean 
artifices ; wicked and fraudulent tricks. 
M ALVEZ'ZI (Virgilio), a gentleman of Bologna, born 
in 1599, was almoft: an univerfal fcholar. He lerved in 
the armies of Philip IV. king of Spain, and was employed 
M A L 
both in the field and in negotiations. He died at Bologna 
in 1654. He was the author of various works, of which 
the belt known are, 1. Difcorfi fopra Cornelio Tacito, 
1635, 4to. 2. Opere Iftoriche, 1656, nmo. 3. Ragioni 
per le quali Letterati credono non poter fi avanzare nelli 
Corti; printed in the Saggi Academiciof Mafcardi.- Moreri. 
MALVIE'Z, a town of France, in the department of 
the Aude : eight miles north of Limoux. 
MALVIN'DA, f. in botany. See Sida, Urena, and 
Waltheria. 
MALVISA'NO, a town of Italy, in the Breflan : thir¬ 
teen miles fouth fouth-eaft of Brefcia. 
MALUNG', a town of Sweden, in Dalecarlia : fifty-five 
miles weft of Fahlun. 
MA'LUS,/. in botany ; fee Pyrus. Americana; fee 
Cactus, Cratteva, Hippomane. Armeniaca; fee Pru- 
nus. Aurantia, Limonia, and Medica; fee Citrus. 
Coronaria; fee Pyrus coronaria. Cotonea; fee Pyrus 
Cydonia. Indica; fee Rhamnus jujuba. Perfica; fee 
Achras, Amygdalus, Mammea. Punica ; fee Punica 
granatum. 
MA'LUS (Etienne-Louis), was born at Paris, on the 
23d of July, 1775. The firft education, which he re¬ 
ceived in the houfe of his parents, was principally di¬ 
rected towards literature; and at the age of feventeen or 
eighteen he wrote a tragedy in five afts, entitled, The 
Death of Cato ; but this did not prevent him from devot¬ 
ing a confiderable part of his time to very different ftudies; 
fince at that period he underwent a fuccefsful examina¬ 
tion, in confequence of which he was admitted into the 
military academy. After having diftinguiffied himfelf 
there by his inclination for analyfis, it was his turn to be 
appointed an officer of military engineers ; but he was re¬ 
jected as a fufpeEledperfon by the minifter Bouchotte ; and, 
this kind of civil interdiction depriving him of all hopes 
of advancement, he repaired to the army of the north, was 
incorporated in the 15th battalion, and was employed as 
a common foldier in repairing the harbour of Dunkirk. 
The officer who prefided over this undertaking did not 
fail to notice him, and to perceive how much he was mif- 
placed. On his recommendation, Malus was recalled by 
the government, and fent to the Polytechnic School; where 
he was foon after employed in giving a courfe of analyti¬ 
cal mathematics, in the abfence of Monge. Reftored to 
the rank he had held at the period of his firft nomination, 
he was almoft immediately raifed to that of captain, and 
was employed as profeffor of mathematics in the lchool of 
Metz. 
It was at this epoch (1797) that his military career be¬ 
gan. He was prefent in the army of the Sambre-and- 
Meufe at the croffing of the Rhine, and at the battles of 
Ukrath and Alterkirk. He foon after embarked for 
Egypt, affifted at the battles of Chebreis and of the Py¬ 
ramids, and at that of Scebifch ; and he was named a mem¬ 
ber of the Inftitute at Cairo; but his life was too aCIive, 
and he was too much employed, to be able to devote him¬ 
felf to the fciences. A fingle opportunity prefented itfelf^ 
of which he profited with fufficient addrefs. In a recon- 
naijfance, in which he was employed with M. Lefevre, en¬ 
gineer of bridges and caufeways, he was lucky enough to 
difcover a branch of the Nile unknown before that time 
to travellers, to give a defcription of it, and conftruCt a 
chart of a country into which no Frenchman had pene¬ 
trated fince the time of thecrufades. The memoir which 
he wrote on this fubjedft makes a part of the firft volume 
of the Decade Egyptjenne, But, during the courfe of this 
memorable expedition,“he chiefly diftinguiflied liitnfel’f as 
a military engineer. Dangers of every kind attended him 
in Syria, at the fiege of El Arifch, and at the fiege of Jaffa, 
where he performed the duties of an engineer. After the 
taking of this laft town, he was employed in repairing its 
fortifications, and eftablifhing military holpitals in it. 
Here he caught the plague; but had the good fortune to 
recover without any affiitance whatever. He had fcarcely 
regained his health, when he was obliged to r.epair to 
3 Damietta, 
