£33 M AM 
of the leg dovyn to the feet, as in dogs, mice, and others. 
It is fometimes naked, as in mice ; or prehenlile, that is, 
capable of lapping round an object and ferving the pur- 
pofe of a fifth hand, as in fome fpecies of monkey, 
porcupine, and opolfum; fometiine it is covered with 
flowing hair, as in the horfe and ox; fometimes tufted, 
the extremity being fhaped like a brufti, as in the fca-lion 
and jerboa ; or, laltly, it is (hed laterally, both fides be¬ 
ing hairy, as in the fquirrel and ant-eater. 
The fenfes of animals are intended as guardians for 
protecting them from danger. The external ears, which 
are wanting in aquatic animals, are either round, or oval, 
or pointed, or (harp, or divided; and are ereCf, or pendu¬ 
lous. The pupils of the eyes are either round, for ufe 
during the day ; or contracted into a line, which is either 
tranfverfe or vertical, for nofturnal ufe ; in fome there is a 
viembrana niElitans , to preferve the eyes from the glare of 
light without (hutting the eye-lids ; all have moveable eye¬ 
brows ; in man and apes both eye-lids are moveable, but in 
moft of the reft the upper eye-lid only is capable of being 
moved. The nofe is either compreffed, flattened, crooked 
upwards, or bifid ; or, it may be (hotter than the lips, as in 
apes ; a little longer, as in moft of the order of fene ; or 
it is elongated into a probofcis, or flexible cartilaginous 
trunk, as in the elephant; the r.oftrils are either oval or 
rounded. The tongue in moft animals is Ample; in fome 
fringed with jags at the edges, as in the dog ; befet with 
papillae on its upper furface, as in the feline tribe; or 
long and (lender, as in the manis and ant-eater ; it is fome- 
trmes bifid, as in feals. The upper lip in moft has a fur¬ 
row in the middle, running downward from the nofe ; in a 
few, as in the order of glires, it is bifid, or divided. 
The mammae, or lactiferous dugs of the female animals 
of this clafs, are always in pairs, and in a determinate 
■ number for each fpecies; and, except the horfe genus, the 
males have always the rudiments of thefe organs, fimilar 
in number and arrangement with thofe of the female of 
the fame fpecies. Thefe are'either peCtoral, being placed 
on the bread:, as in the orders primates and cete; or they 
arc abdominal, that is, fituated on the belly, as in opof- 
fums and feals ; or inguinal, which are placed in the groin, 
as in the orders pecora and belluae ; or both peCtoral and 
abdominal at the fame time, as in moll animals of the or¬ 
der glires ; fome animals, as the hog and others, have them 
arranged longitudinally ; and, laltly, there are generally 
two teats on the mother for each young one produced in 
ordinary births, 
RefpeCting the general anatomical ftruCture of the mam- 
fnalia, fee the article An atomy, Comparative, vol. i. p. 652- 
<S6o. When there occurs any ftriking peculiarity of con¬ 
formation in particular individuals, it will be noticed in 
its proper place. 
The ufes of.the animals of this clafs in man are various. 
The ofder of Pecora are bred for (Applying flefli, milk, 
ciieefe, butter, leather, tallow, and tor their fleeces; the 
horfe, ox, camel, and elephant, are employed for draught 
and for carrying loads ; feveral animals of theorder of Ferae 
are ufed for hunting or deftroying other animals that are 
troubleiome or noxious, inch as mice and ferpents; the 
rarer animals are prelerved, for curiofity and obfervance 
of their manners, in vivaria or menageries. Kerr's Animal 
Kingdom. 
MAMMA'RIA,/; in anatomy, the arterj that fup- 
plits the brtafts. 
MAM'MARY, adj. Belonging to the veins and arte¬ 
ries which pafs through the glands and mufcles of the 
breall; appertaining to the brealt. 
MAMME'A, the mother of the emperor Severus, who 
died A.D. 235. 
MAMME'A, /. [one of Plumier’s genera, fo called 
from its vernacular appellation in the Weft Indies, mamei. 
Linnaeus admitted the name, becaufe of its affinity to mamma, 
a bread, alluding to the (liape of the fruit.] Mammee-tree ; 
in botany, a genus of the clafs polyandria, order mono- 
gynia, natural order of guttiferae, JvJf ,—The generic cha- 
M A M 
raftersare-^-I. Hermaphrodite. CalyH : periantliiura onc- 
leafed,two-parted; divifions roundifti, concave, coriaceous, 
coloured, fpreading very much, deciduous. Corolla : pe¬ 
tals four, roundifti, concave, fpreading very much, fubco- 
riaceous, longer than the calyx. Stamina : filaments nu¬ 
merous, briftle-ftiaped, ereft, very ftiort, inferted into the 
receptacle, ending in oblong, blunt, ereft, antherae. Pif- 
tillum : germ roundifti, deprefled ; ftyle cylindric, ereft, 
longer than the ftamens, permanent: Itigma capitate, con¬ 
vex. Pericarpium : berry roundifti, fleftiy, very large, 
acuminate with part of the ftyle, with a coriaceous rind, 
one-celled. Seeds : four, fubovate, rugged, diftinft from 
the fleftv. II. Male on the fame or a different tree. Ca¬ 
lyx, corolla, and (tainina, as in the hermaphrodite.— EJfen~ 
tial CkaraBer. Calyx one-leafed, two-parted; corolla tour- 
petalled ; berry very large, four-feeded. 
Mammea Americana, the American mammee, a (ingle 
fpecies. It is a tall upright handfome tree, with a thick 
fpreading elegant head. It has a long downright tap-root, 
which renders it very difficult to tranfplant. Leaves oval 
or obovate, quite entire, blunt, extremely (hining, lea¬ 
thery, firm, with parallel tranfverfe (freaks, -on (holt pe¬ 
tioles, oppofite, from five to eight inches in length. See 
the Botany Plate V. fig. 59. Flowers fweet, white, an 
inch and a half in diameter; the calyx is often trifid, with 
a five-petalled or fix-petalled corolla ; but this arifes from 
one of the fegments or petals being cut. Fruit roundifti, 
or obfoletely three-cornered or four-cornered, according 
to the number of feeds, one or two of which are frequently 
abortive, varying in fize from three to feven inches in dia¬ 
meter; it is covered with a double rind; the outer lea¬ 
thery, a line in thicknefs, tough, brownifli yellow, divided 
by incifures longitudinally deculfated ; the inner thin, 
yellow, adhering ftrongly to the flefti ; which is firm, 
bright yellow, has a pleafant Angular tafte, and a fweet aro¬ 
matic fmell: but the fkin and feeds are very bitter and 
refinous. It is eaten raw alone, or cut in dices with wine 
and fugar, or preferved in fugar. In Martinico they diftil 
the flowers with fpirit, and make a liquor which they call 
eau creole. The Englifti and Spaniards call the fruit mamei 
or mammee-, and the French abricotfauvage, wild apricot, 
from the yellownefs of the pulp, like that of the apricot. 
Miller fays that this tree grows to the height of flxty or 
feventy feet in the Weft Indies ; that the leaves are large 
and (tiff, and continue green all the year; that the fruit 
is as large as a man’s fid, when ripe of a yellowifh green 
colour, and very grateful to the tafte ; that it is generally 
fold in the markets in the Spanifli Weft Indies, and is ef- 
teemed one of the bed fruits in that country; that it has 
been tranfplanted into moft of the Caribbee iflands, where 
it thrives exceedingly well. 
Swartz remarks that the tree which bears hermaphrodite 
flowers is very lofty, but that the male trees are fmailer. 
Browne gives the hermaphrodite and male trees as dif¬ 
ferent fpecies. He informs us, that they are among the 
largeft trees in the ifland of Jamaica, abound with a ftrong 
relinous gum, and are efteemed among the bed timber- 
trees; that the leaves and young branches are full of a yel¬ 
low milky juice ; that the fruit is large and agreeable, but 
top ftrong and grofs for a weakly ftoniach, leaving a bit- 
ternefs behind it that continues for a confiderable time 
upon the palate ; when in a perfeft ftate, containing four 
rugged oblong angular nuts, having as many kernels of 
the fame (liape. 
Willdenow defcribes another fpecies which he calls hu~ 
mills, the fruit of which contains only three feeds; but 
he fays that Vahl takes it to be nothing elfe than Rheedia 
lateriflora of Linnaeus, which fee. 
M. Afiatica of Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 731, is now called Bar- 
ringtonia. See that article. 
Propagation and Culture. Set the ftones or feeds, as freffi 
as poilible from the Weft Indies, in pots filled with fre(h 
light earth ; and plunge them into a hot-bed of tanners’ 
bark, obferving to water the earth whenever it appears dry. 
In about a month or fix weeks the plants will appear above 
ground. 
5 
