M A N 
MAN 
iHo, on the road from Guayaquil to Truxillo, on the fea- 
coaft : feventy miles north of Payta. 
MANCO'RON, f. A word ufed by the ancients to ex- 
prefs what they call a fort of honey, which feems to have 
been evidently our modern fugar. They fay that it was a 
fort of dry. honey found concreted in canes or reeds, and 
was of the confidence of fait, and that it was found in 
Arabia Felix, and that, when taken into the mouth, it 
broke under the teeth like fait. 
MANCU'NIUM, in ancient geography, a town of Bri¬ 
tain, mentioned in the ioth Iter or route of Antonine’s 
Itinerary, and fuppofed to be the fame with Manchester. 
See that article, p. 260. 
MAN'CUS, or MaNCu'sa, /. [formed of manu cufa, 
coined with the hand.] An Anglo-Saxon gold coin, equal 
in value to zh folidi, or thirty pence; and in weight to 
fifty-five troy grains. The firft account of this coin that 
occurs in the hi dory of our country, is about the clofe of 
the eighth century, in an embafly of Cenwulf, king of 
Mercia, to Leo III. requeuing the reftoration of the jurif- 
diCtion of the fee of Canterbury: this embafly was en¬ 
forced by a prefent of 120 mancufes. Ethel wolf alfo fent 
yearly to Rome 300 mancufes: and thefe coins are faid 
to have continued, in fome form or other, till towards 
the conclufion of the Saxon government. The heriots of 
the nobility are chiefly eftimated by this ftandard in Ca¬ 
nute’s laws. It came originally from Italy, where it was 
called ducat: and is fuppofed to have been the fame with 
the drachma, or miliarenjls, current in the Byzantine em¬ 
pire. Clarke on Coins. 
MAN'DA, an ifland in the ftraits of Malacca, near the 
coaft of Sumatra, about thirty-five nfiies in circumference. 
Lat. o. 28. N. Ion. 103. 2. E. 
MAN'DACH, a village in the diftriCt of Wildenftein, 
in the Swils canton of Aargau, on the left banks of the 
river Aar. The neighbourhood of this place is famous 
for the variety of petrifactions with which it abounds. 
The fields in its vicinity furnilh numerous fragments of 
immenfe cornua ammonis, molt of them feveral feet in dia¬ 
meter; likewife large quantities of petrified coralloids, fuch 
as milleporse, trochitse, See. Not far from Mandach, at 
Holwyl, elephants’ tulks have been found, together with 
various fpecies of buccinita?, turbinitae, oftracitte, echi- 
nitas, See. 
MANDA'DO, a fmall ifland in the Eaftern Indian Sea, 
near the north coaft of Celebes. Lat. 1. 18. N. Ion. 124. 
21. E. 
MANDAL', a feaport-town of Norway, in the province 
of Chriftianfand, at the mouth of a river of the fame name : 
nineteen miles welt-fouth-weft of Chriltianfand. Lat. 58. 
2. N. Ion. 7. 42. E. 
MANDAL', a river of Norway, which runs into the 
fea near the town of Mandal. 
MAN-DAL'IG FSLANDS, three or four fmall iflands 
near the north coaft of Java. Lat. 6.27. S. Ion. 110. 56. E. 
MANDA'MUS,/ [Latin.] A writ iffuing in the king’s 
name from the court of King’s Bench. 
The mandamus is a high prerogative-writ, of a moft 
extenfive remedial nature ; and may be iflued in fome 
cafes, where the injured party has alfo a more tedious me¬ 
thod of redrefs, as in the cafe of admiffion or reltitution 
to an office ; but it iffues in all cafes where the party hath 
a right to have any thing done, and hath no other fpecific 
means of compelling its performance. A mandamus, 
therefore, lies to compel the admiffion or reftoration of 
the party applying, to any office or franchife of a public 
nature, whether lpiritual or temporal; to academical de¬ 
grees ; to the ufe of a meeting houfe, &c. It lies for the 
production, infpefition, or delivery, of public books and 
papers; for the furrender of the regalia of a corporation ; 
to oblige bodies corporate to affix their common leal; and 
to compel the holding of a court, &c. The writ of man¬ 
damus is made by flat. 9 Ann. c. 20. a molt full and ef¬ 
fectual remedy for the refufalof admiffion, where a perfon 
is entitled to an office or place in any corporation, and 
VOL. XIV. No. 972. 
alfo for wrongful removal, when a perfon is legally poffeffed. 
It may alfo be iflued in purfuance of the flat. 11 Geo. I, 
c. 4. in cafe within the regular time no election (hall be 
made of the mayor or other chief officer of any city, bo¬ 
rough, or town corporate, or (being made) it trial 1 after¬ 
wards become void ; to require the electors to proceed to 
election, and proper courts to be held, for admitting and 
fwearing in the magiltrates fo refpeftively chofen. This 
writ iffues to the judges of any inferior court, commanding 
them to do jultice according to the powers of their office, 
whenever the fame is delayed; for it is the peculiar buli- 
nefs of the court of King’s Bench to fuperintend all other 
inferior tribunals, and therein to inforce the due exerciis 
of thole judicial orminifterial powers with which the crown 
or legillature has inverted them ; and this, not only by re- 
ftraining their exceffes, but by quickening their negligence, 
and obviating their denial of juilice. A mandamus may, 
therefore, be had to the courts of the city of London, to 
enter up judgment (Raym. 214.) and to the lpiritual courts 
to grant an adminiltrafion, to (wear a church-warden, and 
the like. This writ is founded on a fuggeftion, by the oath 
of the party injured, of his own right, and the denial of 
jultice below; whereupon, in order more fully to fatisiy 
the court that there is a probable ground for fuch interpo- 
fition, a rule is made (except in fome general cafes, where 
the probable ground is maniteft), directing the party com¬ 
plained of to (how caule why a writ of mandamus ffiould 
not iffue; and, if he (hows no fufficient caule, the writ it- 
fielf is iffued, at firft in the alternative, to do thus, or fig- 
nify fome reafon to the contrary ; to which a return or an- 
fwer mult be made, at a certain clay. And, if the inferior 
judge, or other perfon to whom the writ is directed, re¬ 
turns or fignifies an infufficient reafon, then there iffues in 
the fecond place a peremptory mandamus , to do the thing ab- 
folutely ; to which no other return will be admitted, but 
a certificate of perfeCt obedience and due execution of the 
writ. If the inferior judge or other perfon makes no re¬ 
turn, or fails in his refpeCt and obedience, he is punilha- 
ble for his contempt by attachment. But if he, at the firft, 
returns a fufficient caufe, although it lhould be falfe in 
fafit, the court of King’s Bench will not try the truth of 
the fact upon affidavits; but will for the prefent believe 
him, and proceed no farther on the mandamus. But then 
the party injured may have an aCtion againft him for his 
falfe return, and (if found falfe by the jury) (hall recover 
damages equivalent to the injury fuftained ; together with 
a peremptory mandamus to the defendant to do his duty. 
Blackjl. Com. book iii. 
Mandamus was alfo a writ that lay after the year and 
day, (where in the mean time the writ, called diem claufit 
extremum, had not been lent out,) to the efeheator, on the 
death of the king’s tenant in capite, Sec. commanding him 
to enquire of what lands, holden by knight’s lervice, the 
tenant died feifed. Likewife a writ or charge to the Ihe- 
riff, to take into the hands of the king all the lands and 
tenements of the king’s widow, that, againft her oath for¬ 
merly given, married without the king’s confent. Jacob's 
Law Did. 
MANDA'NE, the mother of Cyrus the Great. See the 
article Persia. 
MANDA'NES, an Indian prince and philofopher, v/ho 
for the renown of his wifdom was invited by the ambaf- 
fadors of Alexander the Great to the banquet of the Son 
of Jupiter. A reward was promifed him it he obeyed, but 
he was threatened with punifhment in cafe of a refufal. 
Unmoved by promifes and threatenings, the philofopher 
difmiffed them with obferving, that, though Alexander 
ruled over a great part of the univerfe, he was not the Ion 
of Jupiter; and that he gave himfelf no trouble about the 
prefents of a man who polieffed not wherewithal to con¬ 
tent himlelf. “ I defpife his threats (added he) : if I live, 
India is fufficient for my fubliftence ; and to me death has 
no terrors, for it will only be an exchange of old age and 
infirmity for the happinels of a better life.” 
MANDAN'S, the name of thofe Indians who inhabit 
