2GG man 
the vicinity of the Miflouri in Louiflana. Thefe Indians 
are brave, humane, and hofpitable. About thirty years 
ago they lived in fix villages, which were forty miles be¬ 
low their prefent villages, on both fules of the Miflouri. 
Repeated vifitations of the fmall-pox, together with fre¬ 
quent attacks of the Sioux, have reduced them to a fmall 
number. They claim no particular trafl of country: 
they live in fortified villages, hunt in their own neigh¬ 
bourhood, and cultivate corn, beans, fquafhes, and to¬ 
bacco, which form articles of traffic with their neighbours, 
the Alfiniboins; they alfo barter liorfes with them for 
arms, ammunition, axes, kettles, and other articles of Eu¬ 
ropean manufacture, which the Afliniboins obtain from 
the Britifh eflablifhments on the Aftiniboin river. The 
articles which they thus obtain they again exchange for 
liorfes, and leather tents, with the Crow Indians, Chyennes, 
Watapahatoes, Kiawes, Kanenavich, Staflan, and Kataka, 
who vifit them occafonally for the purpofe of traffic. 
Their trade might be much increafed. 
The Mandans marry feveral wives, two or three of whom 
are often filters. They believe in one Great Spirit pre- 
fuling over their deftinies; and afTociated, in their mind, 
with the healing art; Great Spirit being fynonymous with 
Great Medicine, the name which they apply in general to every 
tiling they do not underhand. Every individual felefts 
for himfelf the particular objeft of his devotion, which is 
termed his Medicine ; and is either fome invifible being, or 
more commonly 1'ome animal, which becomes his protestor, 
and his interceffor with the Great Spirit; and, to propitiate 
him, every endeavour is ufed, and every confideration fa- 
crificed. “ I was lately owner of feventeen horfes,” faid a 
Mandan one day ; “ but I have offered them all up to my 
Medicine, and am now poor.” He had, in reality, taken all 
his horfes into the plain, and, turning their, loofe, had 
offered them up to his Medicine, and abandoned them for 
ever. This affociation of all unknown agency with the 
operation of a Medicine, the moft fenfible example of 
fuch agency that had fallen under their obfervation, feenis 
to be general among all the Indian tribes in this part of 
America. The Mandans believe in a future lfate ; and 
this belief is connected with the tradition of their origin. 
The whole nation, they fay, relided in one large village 
tinder ground, near a fubterraneous lake; a vine extended 
its roots from the furface down to the habitation, and gave 
them a view of the light. Some of the moft adventurous 
climbed up the vine, and were delighted with the fight of 
the earth covered with buffaloes, and rich with every kind 
of fruit. Returning with the grapes they had gathered, 
their countrymen were fo pleated with the taffe of them, 
that the wdiole nation relolved to leave their dull refidence 
for the charms of the upper region. Men, women, and 
children, afcended by means of the vine; but, when about 
half the nation had reached the furface of the earth, a 
large woman, who was climbing up the vine, broke it 
with her weight, and (hut out the light of the fun from 
lierfelf and the reft of the nation for ever. When the 
Mandans die, they expeft to return to the original feats 
of their forefathers ; the good reaching the ancient village 
by means of a lake, which the burdens of the fins of the 
wicked will not permit them to crofs. Lat. 47. 20. N. 
Ion. 99. 30. W. Travels to the Source of the Miffouri, by 
Capts. Lewis and Clark, 1804-6, by Order of the American 
Government. 
MANDAR', a town of the ifland of Celebes: 125 miles 
north of Macaifar. 
MANDA'RA, a town of Egypt, on the eaft branch of 
the Nile: fifty-two miles fouth of Manfora, and thirty- 
eight north of Cairo. 
MANDAREE', a town of Bengal: thirty miles north- 
north-weft of Midnapour. 
MANDARI'N, f A Chinefe nobleman ormagiftrate.— 
Out of thefe are chofen all their chief officers, and Manda¬ 
rines, both civil and military. Temple. —See the article 
China, vol. iv. p. 446-455. 
MANDARI'N, aclj. A name given by the Chinefe to 
the learned language of the country; for, befides the lan- 
M A N 
gnage peculiar to every province, there is one common to 
all the learned in the empire, which is in China what 
Latin is in Europe; this is called the mandarin tongue, or 
language of the court 5 otherwife the kouan hoa. ’see 
China, p. 163. 
MANDARU',y. in botany. See Bauhinia. 
MANDA'TA, a town on the fouth-weft coaft of Su¬ 
matra: forty-five miles fouth-eaft of Indrapour. 
MAN'DATARY, f. [ mandataire , Fr. from mando, Lat.J 
He to whom the pope has, by his prerogative, and proper 
right, given a mandate for his benefice. Ayliffe. 
MAN'DATE, f. \mandatum, Lat.] Command.—The 
neceffity of the times call the power of the three eftates 
upon himfelf, that his mandates fhould pafs for laws, 
v\ hereby he laid what taxes he pleafed. HoweTs Vocal Forejl. 
• —Precept; charge; commiffion, fent or tranfmitted.—He 
thought the mandate forg’d, your death conceal’d. Diydeti. 
This dream all-powerful Juno fends ; I bear 
Her mighty mandates, and her words you hear. Dryden. 
Mandate, in the canon-law, denotes a refcript of the 
pope, by which he commands fome ordinary, collator, or 
prefenter, to put the perfon there nominated in poffeffion 
of the firft benefice vacant in his collation. An apofolical 
mandate for the provifion of benefices, is a monitorial and 
coinininatory letter from the pope to a bifhop, by which 
he is enjoined to provide a fubfiltence for tliofe who have 
been ordained by him, or his predecefTors, from the ton- 
fure to facred orders inclufively ; and to allow them their 
fubfiftence till they be provided with a benefice. This 
practice was occafioned by the bilhops formerly laying 
bands on great numbers, and afterwards abandoning them 
to mifery and want. At firft the popes only gave monitory- 
mandates, which were no more than fimple prayers and 
requefts, that did not bind the ordinary ; afterwards they 
gave preceptory mandates, which did not annul the pro- 
vilionsof the ordinary; at laft they fet up executory man¬ 
dates, by which the provifions made by the ordinary, in 
prejudice of the mandate, were declared null ; and the 
executor of the mandate, in default of the ordinary, con¬ 
ferred the benefice on the mandatory; but the pope’s 
power in ifluing thefe mandates is now very much re¬ 
trained, and almoft totally annulled. 
Royal mandates, to judges for interfering in private caufes, 
conltituted a branch of the royal prerogative, which was 
given up by our Englifh Juflinian, Edward I. And alfo, 
by a Edw. III. c. 8. and 11 Ric. II. c. 10. it is enafted, 
that no commands or letters (hall be fent under the great 
feal or the little feal, the fignet or privy-feal, in dilturb- 
ance of the law ; or to difturb or delay common right; and, 
though fuch commandments fhould come, the judges (hall 
not ceafe to do right; which is alfo made a part of their 
oath by flat. 18 Edw. III. fiat. 4. And by 1 Will. & Mar}' 
ftat. 2. c. 2. it is declared, that the pretended power of 
fufpending or clifpenfing with laws, or the execution of 
laws, by regal authority, without confent of parliament,, 
is illegal. 
MANDA'TOR, f. [Latin.] Direflor.—A perfon is 
faid to be a client to his advocate, but a mailer and man¬ 
dator to his proflor. Ayliffe. 
MAN'DATORY, adj. [ mandare > Lat.] Preceptive 3 
directory. 
MANDAT'TA, a town of Hindooftan, in Candeifh : 
thirty miles fouth-fouth-eaft of" Indore. 
MANDA'TUM, f. A fee or retainer given by the Ro¬ 
mans to the procuratores and advocati. The mandatum 
was a neceffary condition, without which they had not the 
liberty of pleading. Thus the legal eloquence of Rome, 
like that of our own country, could not be unlocked with¬ 
out a golden key. 
MANDAVEE', a town of Hindooftan, in Guzerat; 
twenty-five miles eaft of Surat. 
MANDAVEE', a town of Hindooftan, in Baglana ; 
twelve miles north-north-eaft of Baffeen. 
MANDAWEE', a town on the fouth coaft of the ifland 
of Borneo. Lat. 3. so. S. ion. 113. 30. E. 
MANDAWEE' 
