875 MAN 
cities of Bologna and Ferrara, refpefling the manner of 
conducting the inundations of the river Rheno into the 
Po; and, while he continued there, he read, at the meet¬ 
ing of the Arcadians, his elegant tale of the Ephefian Wi¬ 
dow, taken from Petronius, which was publifhed in the 
fecond volume of their collections, and afterwards in the 
edition of Manfredi’s Italian Poems, which appeared at 
Bologna in 1760. 
After his return home, our author refumed his altrono- 
mical ftudies; and in the year 1723 had the long-wifhed- 
for opportunity of obferving a tranfit of Mercury over the 
Sun, of which, to the great fatisfaftion as well as benefit 
of altronomers, he publifhed an account in the following 
year, under the title of Congreffus Mercurii ac Solis in 
Aftronomica Specula Bononienfis Scientiarum Inffituti, 
&c. 4-to. In the year 1726, he was admitted an affociate 
of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris, to whom 
he fent a treatife On the Method of determining the Fi¬ 
gure of the Earth from the Parallax of the Moon, and an¬ 
other On a Mode of defining the Solftices by the fixed 
Stars ; which are inferted in the Memoirs of the Academy 
for the year 173+ and 1738. In the year 1729, he was 
eleCled a foreign member of the Royal Society at Lon¬ 
don. In the lame year he publifhed his treatife De An¬ 
nuls inerrantium Stellarum Aberrationibus, in quarto; in 
which, though in fome refpecfs he agreed with the theory 
of our Bradley concerning the aberration of the fixed ftars, 
yet he differed from him in others, and, particularly, in 
being of opinion that thole aberrations have nothing in 
common with the annual parallax of the Copernican fyf- 
tem. In the year 1736, by way of exprefling his grateful 
refpeCt for that noble inftrument which was his firft fchool 
of aftronomy, he publifhed, De Gnomone Meridiano Bo- 
uonienfi ad divi Petronii, deque Obfervationibus aftro- 
nomicis eo inftrumento ab ejus ConftruClione ad hoc Tern- 
pus peraftis, in 4-to. In the following year, at the requeft 
of the chapter of Verona, he gave to the world, from the 
mauufcripts which Francis Bianchini left behind him at 
his death, Aflronomicse ac Geographies Obfervationes 
Selecls, in folio. This work colt him no little labour, 
owing to the confufed and imperfeCt ftate in which he 
found the papers of Bianchini, and to which he made fo 
many additions and improvements, that he has a claim to 
be confidered in a higher light than merely that of its 
editor. 
In his latter years, he employed liimfelf in completing his 
Elements of Geometry, plane and folid, and of Trigono¬ 
metry, which he had formerly written for the ufe of Cajetan 
Buon-compagni, a young nobleman, and his Aftiono- 
iiiical Inliitutions ; but he left them both in an itnperfefl 
ftate. They were publifhed, however, after his death ; 
and, from the excellence of thofe parts of them which had 
received his laft hand, occafioned much regret that he did 
not live to be their editor. During the five or fix laft 
years of his life he was much airlifted with the ftone; but 
he fubmitted to his fufferings with philofophic and Chrif- 
tian fortitude. At length this diforder proved the caufe 
of his death in 1739, when he was in his fixty-fifth year. 
Of his literary and fcientific abilities his various produc¬ 
tions afford abundant and honourable evidence ; and in 
his private character he was pious, moral, benevolent, 
friendly, unaffuming, and a molt cheerful and improving 
companion. 
He had a brother, of the name of Gabriel, who firft in¬ 
troduced into the univerfity of Bologna the ftudy of alge¬ 
bra and the new analylis, and acquired celebrity in his 
day by his treatife De Conftrudtione^Equationum Differ- 
entialium primi Generis, publifticd in 1707, in ^to. He 
was appointed a profeflor of mathematics in the univer- 
lity, and fucceeded his brother Euftachio in the fuperin- 
iendency of the rivers of the Bolognefe. He died in 
1761, about the age of eighty. Fabronii Fit. Italor. 
M ANFREDO'NIA, a ieaport town of Naples, in Capi- 
tanata, fituated on a bay in the Adriatic, called the Gulf of 
JUanfredonia. It was founded in the year 1236, by king 
M A N 
Manfred, who removed thither the remaining inhabitants 
of Sipontum, and encouraged others to fettle in it by 
many effential privileges and exemptions. In order to 
found it under the molt favourable aufpices, he called to¬ 
gether all the famous profeffors of aftrology, (a fcience in 
which both he and his father placed great confidence,) 
and caufed them to calculate the happieft hour and mi¬ 
nute for laying the firft ftone. He himfelf drew the plans, 
traced the walls and ftreets, fuperintended the works, and 
by his prefence and largeffes animated the workmen to 
finifh them in a fhort fpace of time. The port was fecured 
from (forms by a pier; the ramparts were built of the 
molt folid materials ; and in the great tower was placed 
a bell, of fo confiderable a fize as to be heard over all the 
plains of Capitanata, in order to alarm the country in cafe 
of an invafion. It was erefted into an archbifliopric; but, 
in fpite of all the precautions taken by Manfred to fecure 
a brilliant deftiny to his new city, it fcarcely mufters 6000 
inhabitants, though moft of the corn exported from the 
province is (hipped off here, and a direct trade carried on 
with Venice and Greece, for which reafon there is a laza¬ 
retto eftablifhed. In the year 1620, the Turks landed and 
pillaged Manfredonia. All forts of vegetables abound 
here, for flavour and fucculency infinitely fuperior to thofe 
raifed by continual waterings in the loofe afliy foil of Na¬ 
ples ; lettuce in particular: fifh, plentiful and cheap. It 
is 150 miles fouth-eaft of Ancona, and ninety-three north- 
ealt of Naples. Lat. 4.1. 42. N. Ion. 15.56. E. 
MAN'FRO, a town of Africa, on the Gold Coaft. 
MANTUL, adj. Bold ; ftout; daring : 
A handful 
It had devour’d, it was fo manful. Hudibras. 
MAN'FULLY, adv. Boldly ; ftoutly.-— He that with 
this Chriftian armour manfully fights againft, and repels, 
the temptations and affaults of his fpiritual enemies ; he 
that keeps his confcience void of offence; (hall enjoy 
peace here, and for ever. Ray on Creation. 
I flew him manfully in fight. 
Without falfe ’vantage, or bafe treachery. Shakefpeare. 
MAN'FULNESS,/. Stoutnefs ; boldnefs. 
MANG, a river of Ireland, which rifes in the moun¬ 
tains of Kerry, bordering on Limeric, and runs into Caf- 
tiemain harbour eight miles fouth of Tralee. 
MAN'GA, /. in botany. See Mangifera. 
MANGAGUA'BO, a river of Brafil, which runs into 
the Atlantic in lat. 6. 56. S. 
MAN'GALA, /. in aftronomy, is the Sanfkrit name of 
the planet Mars; and he, as in Europe, prefides over 
Tuelday. In Indian paintings, he is reprefented of a 
deep red colour, with pink clothing, mounted fometimes 
on a white ram with red legs, fometimes on a liorfe, and 
holding a lotus and a ftaff in his hands. 
MANGAL'LO, a town of Africa, in Querimba. Lat. 
10. 10. S. Ion. 41. 20. E. 
MANGALLOO'N, a fmall ifland near the north-weft 
coaft of Borneo. Lat. 6. 9. N. Ion. 115. 36. E. 
MANGALO'RE, a town of Hindooftan, in the Canara 
country, on the coaft of Malabar, with a good road for 
veffels in rite rainy feafon. This town was taken by the 
Britifh in 1780; in 1781, fir Edward Hughes deftroyed 
fome (hips belonging to Hyder Ali; and in 1784, a peace 
was figned here between the Englifli and Tippoo. In 
1794, Mangalore was ceded to Great Britain : 124 miles 
weft-north-weft of Seringapatam, and lixty fouth of Be- 
danore. Lat. 12. 50. N. Ion. 74. 42. E. 
MANGALO'RE, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carna¬ 
tic: thirty-two miles fouth of Arcot. 
MANGALO'RE, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar 
of Rachore : 100 miles weft-fouth-weft of Rachore. 
MANGALO'RE, or Man<Saro'le, a town of Hindoo¬ 
ftan, in Guzerat, on the coaft: twelve miles north of Put- 
tan Sumnaut. 
MANGALO'RE, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carna¬ 
tic : tea miles north of Volconda. 
MAN'GALUM, 
