278 MAN 
MANGERA'Y STRAIT, a channel of the Eaftern 
Indian Sea, between the iflands of Cumbava and Flores, 
full of fmall iflands. The ifland of Flores is alfo called 
Mangeray. 
MANGERBA'RY, a town of Hindooftan, in Vifia- 
pour: fifteen miles fouth of Merritch. 
MAN'GERIE,/! [from the Fr. manger, to eat.] An 
old word for feflivity and good cheer. 
MAN'GERTON, a mountain of Ireland, in the county 
of Kerry, fouth of the lake of Killarney, and forming a 
very irilerefting object in the fcenery of that beautiful 
and romantic fpot. It is one of the higheft mountains in 
Ireland, being 2500 feet above the lake. From its fum- 
mit, the two lakes, with the palfage between them, and 
a large traft of country, may be feen to great advantage. 
To afcend Mangerton (hould therefore be a fixed objeft of 
every perfon who vifits Killarney : the diftance is fix miles. 
MAN'GET (John-James), a laborious medical writer, 
■was born at Geneva in 1652. He was firft deftined to the 
theological profeflion, and purfued a courfe of ftudies 
adapted to it; but the bent of his mind was towards me¬ 
dicine, in the ftudy of which, by the help of books alone, 
he made fuch a progrefs, that he received the degree of 
doftor at Valence in 1678. He commenced practice in 
his native city, which he would not quit though folicited 
by invitations from various quarters. The firft king of 
Pruflia conferred on him the title of his firft phyfician in 
1699. He maintained a correfpondence with moft of the 
learned men of his time, and was indefatigable in his li¬ 
terary labours, which he continued to a very advanced 
period. He died in 1742, having paffed his ninetieth 
year. The numerous works of Manget are chiefly com¬ 
pilations, ufeful at the time, and ftill confulted for refe¬ 
rence, although not remarkable for judgment and accu¬ 
racy. His firft work, entitled Mejfis Medico-Spagyrica, 1683, 
folio, contains a moft abundant collection of pharmaceu¬ 
tical preparations, galenical and chemical, difpofed in a 
very complex order. He joined with Daniel Leclerc. in 
the Bibliotheca Anatomica, 2 vols. folio, 1685, reprinted 
1699. His own Thtatrum Anatomicum, 2 vols. folio, 1717, 
is a work of a different kind ; being a defcription of all 
the parts of the body abridged from various authors; it 
has fcarcely any thing of his own, except fome morbid 
difledtions. His Bibliotheca Medico-PraBica, 4 vols. folio, 
1695-1698, is a vaft repertory of praflical matter relative 
to all the difeafes of the human body, difpofed in alpha¬ 
betical order. He performed a fimilar fervice to furgery 
by his Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 2 vols. folio, 1721. Other 
compilations of the like kind are his Bibliotheca Chanica 
curio/a, 2 vols. folio, 1702. and Bibliotheca Pharmaceutico- 
Medica, 2 vols. folio, 1703. His Traite de la Pejle, 2 vols. 
i2mo. 1721, is a collection of faffs and opinions relative 
to that diforder ; as his Obfervations fur la Maladie qui a com¬ 
mence a attaquer le gros Betail, 1716, is of the opinions of the 
Genevan phyficians concerning the diftemperof the horned 
cattle. One of his laft works was Bibliotheca Scriptorum 
Medicorum veteruni et recentiorum, 2 vols. folio, 1731 ; an 
ufeful collection of medical lives and catalogues of wri¬ 
tings. Senebier Hijl. Lit. de Geneve. 
MAN'GEY (Thomas), a learned Englifti divine, was 
educated at St. John’s college, Cambridge, where, in due 
time, he took his degree of D. D. He was diftinguifhed 
in the church as prebendary of Durham; and publiflied 
an edition of Philo Judaeus, in 2 vols. folio; an Anfwer 
to Poland's Nazarenus; and a volume of Sermons on the 
Lord’s Prayer. He died in the year 1755. 
MAN'GHAS,/! in botany. See Cereera. 
M ANGH'ISI, a river of Sicily, on the fouth fide, which 
runs into the lea in lat. 36. 45. N. Ion. 15. 18. E. 
MAN'GHOS. See Mangifera. 
M ANGIF'ERA, f. [from or manghos, the ver- 
t ocular name of the fruit, and fero, Lat. to bear.] Mango- 
tp.ee; in botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, order 
nioriogynia, natural order of terebintaceas, JuJf. The ge- 
nciic characters are —Calyx: perianthium live-parted; di« 
MAN 
vrfions lanceolate. Corolla : petals five, lanceolate, longer 
than t[re calyx. Stamina: filaments five, awl-fhaped, 
fpreading, the length of the corolla; antherae fubcordate. 
Piftillum : germ roundifh 5 ftyle filiform ; the length of 
the calyx ; ftigma fimple. Pericarpium : drupe kidney- 
form, oblong, gibbous, comprefied. Seed: kernel oblong, 
comprefied, lanuginofe.— EJf'ential Character. Corolla five- 
petalled; drupe kidney-form. 
Species. 1. Mangifera Indies, the common mango-tree: 
leaves fimple, flowers five-ftamened. This is a large fpread¬ 
ing tree. The wood is brittle, brown, and ufed only for 
indifferent works: the bark becomes rugged by age. The 
leaves are feven or eight inches long, or two or more 
broad, lanceolate, quite entire, fmooth, of a fine ftiining 
green, and a fweet refinous fmell, terminating in points, 
and having feveral tranlverfe parallel oppofite ribs; they 
are on fliort petioles, and grow in bunches at the extre¬ 
mity of the branches. The flowers are produced in loofe 
bunches at the end of the branches. The calyx confilts 
of five acute fpreading leaflets ; the corolla, which is in¬ 
ferior, of five oblong flat petals, reflex at the tip, white 
with yellow ftreaks at the bafe, longer than the calyx ; 
neffary fpheroidal, large, fleffiy, five-lobed, comprefling 
the germ. Stamens fhorter than the corolla, with five 
ovate nodding antherae. Style fliort. Drupe large, co¬ 
vered with a fmooth, foftifli, refinous, pale green, yellow, 
or half-red, fkin, and containing an ovate woody fibrous 
comprefied nut or ltone, within which is an ovate flefiiy 
kernel. Gaertner thus deferibes it more?particularly: It 
is a berried drupe, flatted like a lens, kidney-fhaped ; the 
fiefli foft and pulpy, like a damafeene plum ; the fheli 
ovate-oblong, almoft kidney-fliaped, of a leathery crufla- 
ceous fubftance, hard, one-celled, valvelefs, on the out- 
fide grooved and wrinkled, covered all over with capillary 
woody fibres, fmooth within, and lined with a whitifli pa¬ 
pery membrane, very tough and fmooth, feparating from 
the (hell or ltone when ripe. Umbilical chord very fliort, 
ariling from the bottom of the fliell, and inferted into the 
margin of the feed at the lower part. Skin Angle, papery, 
thin. Albumen none. Embryo upright, white; cotyle¬ 
dons fleftiy, plano-convex; radicle fliort, curved in up¬ 
wards, inferior. This fruit, when fully ripe, is yellow and 
reddifli, replete with a fine agreeable juice ; fome are full 
of fibres, and the juice runs out of thefe on cutting, or 
with a little handling; but thofe which have few or no 
fibres are much the fineft ; they cut like an apple, but are 
more juicy; and fome are as big as a large man’s filt. It 
is efteemed a very wholefome fruit; and, except very fine 
pine-apples, is preferable to any fruit in India. Gentle¬ 
men there eat little other fruit in the hot months; but, if 
no wine be drunk with it, the mango is apt to throw out 
troublefome boils, at lead with new comers, which are 
however conducive to health. In Europe, we have only 
the unripe fruit brought over in pickle. It grows natu¬ 
rally in moft parts of India ; alfo in the Brafils, and fome 
other parts of the world, as Cochinchina, Pegu, See. It 
was cultivated in 1690, in the Royal garden at Hampton. 
Court. Mr. Miller, in his laft folio edition of the Dic¬ 
tionary (1768), fays, that a mango-plant was brought over 
by Capt. Quick, and was then in good health in the Chel- 
fea-garden ; the plants that were in England before having 
been deftroyed by too much heat. 
Linnaeus, not having an opportunity of examining the 
fructification with accuracy, could not determine this 
genus with certainty ; he had feveral in his herbarium, 
but he regarded them as varieties only of the cultivated 
mango. Loureiro remarks, that there are many varieties, 
differing chiefly in the figure, fize, colour, and taffe of 
the fruit, as apples and pears do in Europe. Retzius on 
the contrary affirms, that there are certainly feveral dif- 
tinfl fpecies ; the number of ftamens in fome being dou¬ 
ble ; the racemes in others compound ; the fruit kidney- 
fliaped, globular, fleffiy, alntoft juicelefs, &c. Gartner 
has diftinguifhed fome of the molt remarkable varieties by 
the fruit, as follows * 
&. M. 
