MAN 
MAN'IABLE, adj. [from the Lat. mantis, a hiand.] 
TraCtable ; manageable. Cole. 
MA'NIAC, J. A mad perfon : 
Scornful (he fpoke, arid Iieedlefs of reply 
The lovely maniac bounded o’er the plain. Slienjlone. 
MANI'ACAL, adj. [maniaci/s, Lat.] Raging with mad- 
nefs ; mad to rage.—Epileplies and maniacal lunacies ufu- 
ally conform to the age of the moon. Grew's Cofmology. 
MANI'ACI, a town of Sicily, in the valley of Demona: 
feven miles fouth-weft of Randazzo. 
MANIA'NA, a country of Africa, fituated to the 
fouth-eaft of Bambarra ; the inhabitants of which are 
faid to be cannibals. Lat. between 15. and 14. N. Ion. 1. YV. 
MANI'ANA. See Maliana, p. 197. 
MA'NIARY, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar: twenty- 
two miles north-eaft of Mailey. 
MANJAWICK', a town of Hindooftan, in the Car¬ 
natic: thirty miles fouth-eaft of Tanjore. 
MANJAW'LY, a town of Hindooftan, in Oude : forty 
miles fouth-eaft of Goorapour. Lat. 26. 17. N. Ion. 84. 
1.3. E. 
MAN'ICA, f. [Latin.] A fleeve; a kind of bag in a 
triangular form. 
MAN'ICA, a town of Africa, the capital of Chicanga, 
fituated on the river Sofala. Lat. 20.20. S. Ion. 28. E. 
MAN'ICA. See Chicanga, vol. iv. p. 423. 
MAN'ICA, a river of Africa, which rifes in the king- 
dom of Chicanga, and runs into the Indian Sea in lat. 25. 
30. S. Ion. 29. 30. E. This river is likewife called Rio 
del I^agos, and Rio del Spiritu Santo. 
MANICAM'P, a town of France, in the department of 
the Oife: five miles eaft of Noyon. 
MANICA'RIA,_/i [fonamed by Grertner from manica , 
Lat. a fleeve, in allufion to the fhape of the fpathe, which 
is like a pouch or bag; whence the older botanilts called 
the plant in queflion Palma faccifera, and fachel-date.] 
In botany, a genus of the clafs monoecia, order polyandria, 
natural order palmae. The generic characters are—Calyx : 
common (heath pouch-like, pointed at the bafe, inter¬ 
woven with innumerable fibres, not burfting, widely ex- 
tenfible, permanent. Stalk bearing male and female flow¬ 
ers, enclofed within the (heath, wand-like, with numerous. 
Ample, ftraight, comprefled, crowded, notched, toothed, 
downy, rulty branches. Male flowers very numerous, 
(above two thoufand.) covering the branches of the ftalk. 
Calyx : perianthium of one leaf, (hort, angular, torn, mem¬ 
branous. Corolla: obovate, triangular, of three equal co¬ 
riaceous petals. Stamina: filaments twenty.four, capil¬ 
lary, diftinct; antheras oblong, furrowed. Female flowers 
few, fcarcely more than twenty, feflile on the lower part 
of the branches of the ftalk. Calyx : perianthium inferior, 
of one leaf, membranous, thin, obliquely ftriated, crenate 
and jagged. Corolla : ovate, pointed, triangular, of three 
coriaceous petals, four times as large as thole of the male. 
Piltillum : germen fuperior, turbinate, triangular, of three 
cells ; ftyle one, (hort, thick, conical; ftigma Ample. Pe- 
ricarpium : drupe globofe, acutely tuberculated, dry, of 
three cells. Seed : nuts folitary, very hard, roundifti, 
.Smooth.— EJfential CharaEter. Common (heath pouch-like, 
fibrous, not burfting. Male, calyx of one-leaf, torn ; pe¬ 
tals three ; ftamens twenty-four. Female, calyx of one 
leaf, torn; petals three; ftyle one; drupe fuperior, dry, 
tuberculated ; nuts three. 
Manicaria faccifera, or fachel-palm; a Angle fpecies. 
Of the tree itfelf, or its foliage, nothing is known. The 
lpathe is occafionally feen in the mufeums of the curious, 
and refembles a fort of netted fibrous bag, from two to 
four feet long, containing numerous globular three-celled 
fruits, the fize of a large cherry, or fmall walnut, whofe 
outfide is ftrongly muricated with (harp prominent un¬ 
equal tubercles. The coat of the drupe is of a corky fub- 
ltance, but denfely fibrous, and is divided internally into 
three cells, each containing one nut, whofe (hell is fmooth, 
and brittle; one of the cells is occafionally abortive. Na- 
Vol.XIV. No. 973. 
MAN 281 
five of South America. Clufius fays it was found by foms 
Dutch failors on a defert ifland in the Atlantic Ocean ; 
Gaertner, that it grows in Curasao and Dutch Guiana. 
Willdenow feems wrong in confidering it a native of the 
Eaft Indies. 
MANICHE'AN, /. [from the Perfian, who a (Turned 
the name of Manes, and founded a remarkable feCt of in¬ 
coherent religion.] A believer in two equipollent deities, 
one good, the other evil: 
Could the wild Manichean own that guide, 
The good would triumph, and the ill fubfide! BoyJe, 
MANICHE'AN, adj. Of Manicheans.—What has 
been faid is methinks fuflicient to ruin the Manichean 
caufe, and exclude the independent principle of evil. 
Wollajlon's Religion of Nature. 
The Manicheans are fo called from their founder Manes, 
Mani, or Manichaeus, a Perfian by nation, and educated 
among the Magi, being himfelf one of that number before' 
he embraced Chriftianity. This herefy had its firft rife 
about the year 277, and Spread itfelf principally in Arabia, 
Egypt, and Africa. Dr. Lardner, after having examined 
many authorities, with regard to the rife of Manicheifm, 
both in Perfia and in the Roman empire, concludes with 
exprefling his doubt whether it was known in the Roman 
empire before the very end of the third century, or the 
beginning of the fourth. St. Epiphanius, who treats of 
it at large, obferves, that the true name of this herefiarch 
was Cubricus-, and that he changed it for Manes-, which, 
in the Perfian or Babylonifli language, fignifies vejfd. 
Cave and Tollius derive his name from the Greek noun 
mania, lignifying madnefs, intimating that his name was 
the fame as Maneis, i. e. mad or furious; whereas the 
name is certainly Perfic or Chaldaic. Cyril of Jerufalem 
fays, that he changed his name from Cubricus to Manes, 
thinking by fo doing to gain honour among the Perfians; 
but divine providence fo ordered it, that he thereby affixed 
to himfelf among the Greeks the character of madnefs, 
Beaufobre obferves, that, whatever was the meaning of the 
name, it certainly was very honourable; and, if itlignified 
any thing, it denoted fome advantageous quality ; for di¬ 
vers kings of Edefla were named Manes, or Maanes; and 
Aflemann fays, that it was a common name of the princes 
of Syria and Arabia. The Greek writers continually re- 
prefent Mani as a (lave, purchafed by a widow, and after¬ 
wards fet at liberty. This widow, it is faid, adopted him 
for her fon, gave him a good education, and at length made 
him her heir. It has been doubted, however, whether 
Mani was ever a (lave, as no notice is taken of this cir- 
cumftance by the eaftern writers.; and even the Greek au¬ 
thors fpeak of him as rich, learned, educated among phi- 
lofophers, and at the court of Perfia in his early age. 
Manes, among the Greeks, was a common name for (laves; 
and hence it has been conjectured originated the common 
opinion of the Greek writers concerning Mani’s fervitude. 
The eaftern authors, cited by Hyde and Herbelot, fay that 
Mani was by profeflion a painter and engraver; that he 
had fo fine 3 hand as to draw lines and make circles with¬ 
out rule or compafs, and that he made a terreftrial globe 
with all its circles and divifions. It is alfo faid that be 
was (killed in aftronomy, and that he wrote a book of as¬ 
trology. 
Mani was not contented with the title of Apoftle of 
Jefus Chrift, but he alfo aflumed that of the Paraclete, 
whom Chrift had promifed to fend ; which Augultin ex¬ 
plains, by faying, that Mani endeavoured to perfuade men, 
that the Holy Ghoft did perfonally dwell in him with full 
authority. The oriental writers, cited by D’Herbelot and 
Hyde, tell us, that Mani, having gained fome efteem, be¬ 
gan to gather together a number of people in the character 
of difciples, who oppofed the worfhip and ceremonies of 
the religion of Zoroafter, profefied at that time by the 
Perfians. Sapor, on this account and the fubfequent dis¬ 
turbances, would have had him punifhed ; but Mani, per¬ 
ceiving his danger, fled into Turkeitan, where he had full 
4 C opportunity 
