MAN 
a human body ; and he demonftrated Ins divine million by 
ftupendous miracles. The Jews, incited by the prince of 
darknefs, put him to an ignominious death, which he buf¬ 
fered not in reality, but only in appearance, and acco-ding 
to the opinion of men. When the purpofes of Chrilt were 
accomplished, he returned to the throne in the fun, ap¬ 
pointing apoftles to propagate his religion ; and leaving 
his followers the promife of the Paraclete, or Comforter, 
who is Mani, the Perfian. Thofe fouls who obey the 
laws delivered by Chrilt, and illuftrated by Mani the com¬ 
forter, are gradually purified from the contagion of mat¬ 
ter; and their purification being completed, after having 
pafled through two Hates of trial, by water and fire, fir It 
in the moon and then in the fun, their bodies return to 
their original mafs (for the Manicheans derided the refur- 
reft ion of bodies), and their fouls afcend to the regions of 
light. But the fouls of thofe who have neglefted the fa- 
lutary work of purification, pafs, after death, into the 
bodies of other animats, or natures, where they remain till 
they have accoinplifhed their probation. Some, however, 
more perverfe and obllinate, are configned to a fe verier 
courfe of trial, being delivered over, for a time, to the 
power of malignant aerial fpirits, who torment them in 
various ways. After this, a fire lha ',1 break forth, and con- 
fume the frame of the world; and the prince and powers 
of darknefs Avail return to their primitive feats of anguifh 
and mifery. in which they fhall dwell for ever. Thefe 
manfions (hall be furrounded by an invincible guard, to 
prevent their ever renewing a war in the regions'of light. 
Manes borrowed many things from the ancient Gnoftic.s ; 
on which account, many authors confider the Manicheans 
as a branch of the Gnoltics. In truth, the Manichean 
doftrine was a fyftem of philofophy rather than of reli¬ 
gion. They made life of amulets, in imitation of the 
Bafilidians; and are fa id to have made profeifion of aftro- 
nomy and aftrology. Jelus Chrilt they believed to be 
God, but not man ; God truly, but man only in appear¬ 
ance; who had no birth at all, not even a miraculous one, 
nor any baptifm, and who was neither crucified, nor died 
in reality ; and, as they did not believe that he really buf¬ 
fered, they, confequently, could not admit that his death 
was an expiatory facrifice. The eucharift was with them 
only a ceremony of thankfgiving in memory of the myftic 
crucifixion of our Saviour, which had only moral views. 
They afcribed little to faith ; but much to good works, 
which they confidered as an elfential and ablolutely ne- 
ceflary condition of falvation. 
In defence of thefe principles, Manes and his followers 
rejected the Old Teftament, maintaining that' the God 
who delivered the law of Moles, and fpake in the Hebrew 
prophets, was not the true God, but the Prince of Dark¬ 
nefs. It appears that they received mod if not all the 
books of the New Teltament; but not without arbitrarily 
rejecting fuch parts of them as could not be reconciled 
■with their philofophical notions, pretending that they 
were interpolations and corruptions introduced by the 
Catholics. They alfo paid great regard to certain apocry¬ 
phal books; for an account of which, as well as of the 
parts of the New Teltament received or rejected by them, 
we refer to Lardner. 
Manes enjoined on his followers a rule of life and man¬ 
ners the molt extravagantly rigorous and aultere. But, 
knowing that his left could not polfibly become numerous 
if this feverity were to be impofed upon them all without 
diftinftion, he divided them into two dalles; one of which 
comprehended the perfect Chriltians, under the name of 
the elcEl ; and the other, the imperfect and feeble, under 
the title of hearers. The cleB were obliged to obferve a 
rigorous abdinence from flefh, eggs, milk, filh, wine, all 
intoxicating drink, wedlock, and all amorous gratifica¬ 
tions; and to live in a Hate of the fharped penury, fub- 
lilting on herbs, pulfe, and melons,, and depriving them- 
felves of all the comforts which arife from the moderate 
indulgence of natural paftions, and alfo from a variety of 
innocent and agreeable purfuits, The hearers were iub- 
M A N 
(285 
jefled to a milder discipline ; being allowed to poflefs 
houfes, lands, and wealth, to feed upon fiefii, and to enter 
into the bonds of conjugal tendernefs ; but this liberty 
was granted them with many limitations, and under the 
Itiidled conditions of moderation and temperance. At 
their meetings for public worflvip, prayers were perform¬ 
ed, at which all were pfefent, hearers as well as el eft • the' 
Scriptures were read, as well as the writings of Manes 
and apocryphal books; and it feems probable that dif- 
courfes were delivered, explaining and enforcing their pe¬ 
culiar principles; and exhorting to the praftice of virtue 
They alfo obferved the Chriftian rites of baptifm and the 
eucharift 5 baptizing infants in the fame manner with the 
catholics, and frequently adminidering the eucharift by 
communion in both kinds. They obferved the Lord’s 
day, but faded upon it, hearers as well as eleft. They 
likewise kept Ealter and Pentecoft; and in the month of 
M a roll celebrated the anniverfary of the martyrdom of 
Manes, • 3 
Towards the middle of the twelfth century, the feft of 
Manichees took a new face, on occafion of one Cpndantine, 
an American, and an adherer to it; who took upon him 
to fupp'refs the reading of ail other books betides the 
Gofpels, and the Epiftles of St. Paul, which he explained 
in fuch a manner as to make them contain a hew fydem 
of Manicheifm. He entirely difcarded all the writings of 
his predeceflors; rejecfing the chirnseras of the Valenti- 
mans, and their thirty aeons ; the fable of Manes, with 
regard to the origin of rain, and other dreams ; but dill 
retained the impurities of Bafilides. In this manner he 
reformed Manicheifm, infomuch that his followers made 
no fcruple of anathematizing Scythian, Euddas, called alfo 
Addas and Terebinth, the contemporaries and diiciples, 
as forne fay, and, according to others, the predeceflors and 
maflers, of Manes, and even Manes him (elf; Conftantine 
being now their great apoftle. After he had feduced an 
infinite number of people, he was at laft ftoned by order 
of the emperor; but, notwithftanding the fevere edicts 
enacted againft them by pontiffs, emperors, and other 
fovereigns, and the cruel perfections by which they 
were harrafled for ages, they exifted in confiderable num¬ 
bers towards the concluflon of the fifteenth century. 
Eufebii Hijl. Eccl. lib. vii. Augujlin. de Moribus Munich. Fa- 
briciiBibL Grac. vol. v. Cave’s Hijl. Lit. Beaufobre's Hijl. Crit . 
de Manich. Lardner’s Cred. vol. vi. Mojh. Hijl. Eccl. tec. iii. 
MANICH'I A, a town of Egypt, anciently called Alydoss 
ten miles north of Girge. 
MAN'ICHORD, or Clavichord,/ in mufic, a keyed 
inftrument, long known, and dill much ufed, in Germany. 
Its fonn is that of a fmall piano-forte ; but has no quills 
jacks, or hammers. The firings' are all muffled with flios 
of red cloth, and the tone is produced by little brafs 
wedges, placed at the ends of the keys, which, when nut 
down, prefs againft the middle of the firing/ afting as a 
bridge to each. When this inftrument is touched by a 
matter, it is capable of great expreffion, though of a me¬ 
lancholy kind, fomething like the effeft of the old clofie- 
fhake on the violin. It is fometirnes called the dumb 
Spinet. _ The antiquity of this keyed inftrument in Ger¬ 
many is very great among modern mufic a 1 inventions; as 
there is a defcription and a reprefentation of it cut in 
wood, in the Latin Mufurgia of Ottomarus Lufcinius, 
printed at Strafburg in 1536. But we find mention made 
of it as a common inftrument, in England, under the name 
of clarichord, by Tavernier, dill more early. 
MANICKDCJR'G, a town of Hindooftan, in Berar 5 
five miles fouth-ead of Chanda, and eighty-fix north- eaft 
of Mahur. Lat. 19. 59. N. Ion.'79. 59. £. 
MANICKPATAfvP, a town of Hindooftan, in tile 
province of Cattack : fifty miles fouth of Cattack. 
MANICKPOUR', a circar of Oude, bounded on the 
north-eaft by Oude Proper, on the louth-eaft by Jionpour, 
on the fouth by Allahabad, on the fouth-weft by Currah 
and Corah, and on the north-weft by Lucknow : about 
fixty miles long, and forty broad, 
MANICKPOU'E* 
