286 M A N 
whole of ihe manufaftures, and the principal part of the 
.trade, of Manilla, began to turn their attention to agri¬ 
culture. Polieffed of a cotifiderable degree of art and ad- 
drefs, they are fober, indultrious, affable, and lively. 
Articles of beautiful workmanfhip in gold, and a fpecies 
cf metal named tombac, which is efteemed one-third more 
precious, are manufactured by the artifts of Manilla; and 
the gold chains, made by their women, vie in beauty 
w ith the molt elegant that are wrought in any part of the 
world. 
In the year 1645, a great part of the city was deftroyed 
by an earthquake, and 3000 perfons perilhed in the ruins. 
The country furrounding this city is extremely fertile, 
and capable of any kind of cultivation ; but the inhabit¬ 
ants have profited neither by the fituation of the city, nor 
the fertility of its environs. The entrance cf the river is 
obftrufted by a bar, which is dangerous, with a rough 
fea ; but no effedlual labour has been undertaken for re¬ 
moving it. The foil is left uncultivated ; and the law, 
by prohibiting exportation, difconrages every attempt 
for increafing its produce. The confequence of this 
liegleCT; has been occafional famine, when rains, or 
drought, or hurricanes, render the fecundity of the earth 
ufelefs. The inhabitants, thus indolent in improving 
their natural means of wealth, direct their views and 
hopes towards the galleon, which fails every year for 
Acapulco. Formerly, a celebrated commerce was carried 
on between Manilla and this laft-mentioned city, nearly 
in the fame parallel on the weft of Mexico, through a fpace 
of about 140 0 , or more than one-third of the circumfer¬ 
ence of the globe. The Manilla fhips, called galleons, were 
then of large fize ; but, at a later period, fmaller veflels 
have been employed in this trade. The Chinefe, as we 
already llated, were numerous in this city, till the be¬ 
ginning of the feventeenth century, when the Spaniards 
committed a dreadful maffacre of thefe indultrious peo¬ 
ple. In 1769j.it is faid that they were again expelled 
from'all thefe ifles by the bigotry of the governor: fince 
which time there has been a great decline in induftry and 
produce. 
Spain having entered into engagements with France, in 
confequence of the family-compact of the houfe of Bour¬ 
bon, it w>as found expedient by Britain to declare war 
alfo againlt Spain ; whereupon a force was fent out from 
our Eaft-India. fettlements, particularly Madras, for the 
conquelt of the Philippine Iflands, under general Draper 
and admiral Cornifii ; who, after a fiege of twelve days, 
took Manilla on the 6th of October, 1762, by Itorm ; but, 
to fave fo fine a city from deftruftion, agreed to accept a 
ranfom, amounting to a million fterling, a part of which, 
it is faid, was never paid. The Spamlh viceroy refides in 
this city, and lives like a fovereign prince. The govern¬ 
ment is faid to be one of the belt in the gift of the king 
of Spain. Lat. 14. 36. 8. N. Ion. 120. 51. 15. E. 
MANIL'LA, a town of Hindooltan, in Myfore: four¬ 
teen miles welt of Tademeri. 
MANIL'LE,/"* At quadrille, the deuce of fpades or 
clubs, the feven of hearts or diamonds. In commerce, 
one of the principal commodities carried by the Euro¬ 
peans to the coafts of Africa, to traffic with the negroes 
in exchange for Haves. It is a large brafs ring in form 
of a bracelet, either flat or round, plain or engraven; 
with which the natives ufed to deck themfelves, putting 
them on the ftnall of the leg, and the thick of the arm 
above the elbow. The better fort among the negroes 
wear lilver and gold manilles; but thefe are of their own 
manufacture ; molt of the money they receive for their 
own merchandise being melted into manilles. 
MANILL'OM, a townfhip of America, in Fayette 
county, Pennlylvania, containing 1207 inhabitants. 
MANIL'VA, a town of Spain, not far out of the route 
from Malaga to Gibraltar, fituated acrofs the mountains 
from Guayaro. It is furrounded with vineyards, which 
produce an exquilite rich wine, known by the name of 
jh/lantlva wine. 
M A N 
_ MANIMBOBU', a town of Hindooftan, in the Carna¬ 
tic ; fifteen miles fouth-welt of Pondicherry. 
MANIMUNGALUM', a town of Hindooftan, in the- 
Carnatic: fixteen miles louth-weft of Madras. 
MANINGEABO'. See Menangeabow. 
MAN'INGTREE, or Manningtree, a fin all irregu¬ 
lar town in the county of Effex, on the fouth bank of the 
river Stour, over which it has a bridge. Though only a 
chapelry to the parifli of Miltley, it lias the privilege of a 
market. Whence it derived its prefent name is uncer¬ 
tain ; its ancient appellation was Sciddinchon, by which it 
is mentioned in Domefday-book, as being then held by 
Adeliza countefs of Albemarle, half-filter to the Conque¬ 
ror. It afterwards became the property of Maud de 
Clare, countefs of Hereford and Glouceller, who bellowed 
the manor on the nunnery of the order of St. Auguftine, 
at Canon-Lugh in Devonlhire. After the diffolution, 
Manningtree (called in the grant Many-tree, alias Sciding - 
hoo) was given by Henry VIII. to fir John Rainiwortb. 
In the certificate of chantry-lands it is called “a great 
towne, and alfo a haven towne, having in yt to the num¬ 
ber of 700 liovvfeling people.” In the year 1801, the po¬ 
pulation, as afeertained under the aft of parliament, was 
only 1016, occupying 129 houfes. The market is kept 
on Thurfdays; and an annual fair on the Thurlday in 
Whitfun week. The river Stour was made navigable 
from this town to Sudbury in Suffolk, by an aft palled 
in the fifth year of queen Anne. The principal imports 
are deals, corn, coals, iron, and filh. It is eleven miles 
weft of Harwich, and fixty north-eaft of London. Lat. 
51. 57. N. Ion. 1. 2. E. 
Miftley is a village one mile from Manningtree. Vef- 
fels to this port the fame as to Manningtree. The pafiage 
up the river Orwell, called Ipfwich-water, to Ipfwich, is 
exceedingly beautiful, each fide being adorned with beau¬ 
tiful feats. Miltley-hall pollefles beauties that will re¬ 
ward the delay and attention of the traveller, efpecially 
when the river which flows by it is at high water. In a 
creek in this river, called Lavington-creek, are to be ieen 
at low water fuch flioals of muffels, that great boats might 
be loaded with them, and the quantity fcarcely diminilhed 
to the eye. 
Bradfield is a fmall village on the road to Harwich, 
three miles from Manningtree, twelve from Colchefter, 
and nine from Harwich. It has one fair, which is held 
on the laft Monday in July; and a charity-fchool. Other 
villages in this neighbourhood are—Wrabnefs, fix miles 
diftant; Oakley, feven miles; Ramley, eight miles; Do- 
vercourt, ten miles; here is the mother-church to Har¬ 
wich. Thorp is ten miles diftant; Great and Little 
C'ackton, to the eaft of Merfey ifland, eleven miles 5 
and St. Ofythe, twelve miles. 
MAN'IOC, J. in botany. See Iatrofha. 
MAN'IPA, one of the fmaller Molucca iflands, about 
twelve miles in length, and fix in breadth, and contain¬ 
ing about 1600 inhabitants; it lies five or fix leagues 
weft from the ifland of Ceram. Lat. 3. 18. S. Ion. 127. 54. S. 
MAN'IPA, a river on the weft coaft of Celebes, which 
runs into the fea in lat. 3.12. S. 
MAN'IPLE,/. [manipulus, Lat.] A handful. A fmall 
band of fbldiers. 
MANIP'ULAR, adj. Relating to a maniple. 
MANIPULATION,/; The handling, or management, 
of an experiment. 
MANIP'ULUS, f. [Latin.] Among the Romans, a 
litjle body of infantry, which in the time of Romulus 
confided of 100 men ; and in the time of the confuls, and 
firlt Caefars, of 200. The word properly fignifies “ a hand¬ 
ful ;” and, according to Come authors, was firft given to 
the handful of hay wnich they bore at the end of a pole, 
to diftinguilh themfelves by, before the cuftom was in¬ 
troduced of bearing an eagj.e for their enfign. But Vege,- 
tius, Modefttus, and Varrc, give other etymologies of the 
word: the laft derives it from tnanus, a little body, or 
handful, of men, following the lame Itandard. Accord- 
