263 M A N 
naturalift, <c it is perfectly marked fcy tire foie infpefHon 
of the ordinary indicatory characters, that is, the claws 
and teeth. Thefe (how that it muft be clafi'ed in the fa¬ 
mily of unguiculated quadrupeds, deftitute of cutting 
teeth ; and.in faff it has ftriking relations with thofe ani¬ 
mals in all parts of its body. This family is compofed 
of the Dafypus, Bradypus, Manis, and Myrmecophagus. 
The thicknefs of the branches of the lower jaw, furpaffing 
even that of the elephant, feems to prove that this vatt 
animal was net content with leaves, but, like the elephant 
and rhinoceros, broke and ground the branches them- 
felves ; its clofe and flat-crowned teeth appearing very 
proper for that purpofe.” Cuvier thinks there are indi¬ 
cations that this animal had a trunk, but that it mult 
have been fliort, fince the length of the head and neck to¬ 
gether only equals that cf the fore legs. He places it be¬ 
tween the Bradypus and the Dafypus genera, becaufe to 
the 11;ape of the head of the former it joins the teeth of 
the latter. It would be necefiary to know particulars, 
of which a fkeleton cannot inform us, in order to deter¬ 
mine to which of thefe it approached the inoft. “ This 
adds,” fays Cuvier, “ to the numerous faCts which apprife 
us that the animals of the ancient world were all different 
from thofe we now fee on the earth ; for it is fcarcely 
probable that, if this animal ftill exifted, fo remarkable a 
fpecies would have hitherto efcaped the refearches of na- 
turalifts. It is alfo a new and very ftrong proof of the 
invincible laws of the fubordination of characters, and the 
juftnefs of the confequences deduced for the claflification 
of organized bodies; and, under both thefe views, it is 
one of the inoft valuable difeoveries which have for a long 
time been made in natural hiftory.” We have given a 
delineation of this (keleton at fig. 3. 
MANIS'SA, a river of Africa, which forms the fouthern 
boundary of Inhambane, and runs into the Indian Sea in 
lair. 25. 50. S. 
MAN'ISTIE, a river of Canada, which runs into lake 
Michigan in lat. 45. 36. N. Ion. 85.40. W. 
MANISU'RIS, f. [moft aptly named by Linnceus, 
from manis , the fcaly lizard, and ovga, a tail, the Angular 
appearance of its fcaly fpikes recalling very ftrongly the 
Idea of the covering of that quadruped.] Scaly Grass; 
a genus of the clafs polygamia, order monoecia, natural 
order of gramina, or graffes. The generic characters 
are—I. Hermaphrodite flowers, in the adverfe fide of the 
flexuofe jointed fpike, imbricate, alternate, each immerfed 
In each joint, which is excavated on one fide. Calyx: 
glume one-fiow'ered, two valved ; outer valve larger, co¬ 
riaceous, roundilh, rugged in the middle, emarginate or 
entire at the top and fides; inner fmaller, broad lan¬ 
ceolate, membranaceous, prefled clofe to the outer. Co¬ 
rolla : glume two valved, membranaceous, thin, diapha¬ 
nous, fmaller than the calyx included; the outer with its 
margins embracing the inner, which is fmaller. Neclary, 
a membranous feale. Stamina: filaments three, filiform, 
ftanding out; antherte oblong, incumbent. Piftilluin: 
germ ovate; ftyles two, (hort, filiform ; ftigmas oblong, 
"bearded, fpreading, ftanding out on both fides. Pericar- 
pium: none; calyx cheriihing the feed. Seed Angle, 
ovate. II. Male flowers marginal, alternate, in the back 
of the fpike on each fide. Calyx : glume one-flowered, 
roundifh, two-valved ; valves parallel, ovate-lanceolate, 
blunt, ftriated, leathery, augmented by a membrane, al- 
moft equal. Corolla; glume two-valved, membrana¬ 
ceous, thin, almoft the fize of the calyx ; outer valve 
ovate, blunt, convolute ; inner lanceolate, plaited, fcarcely 
longer. Neftary, a membranous lcale. Stamina: filaments 
three, very (hurt or none; antherse as in the hermaphro¬ 
dites.— EJjmtial CharaBcr . Hermaphrodite: calyx glume 
two-valved, one-flowered, outer valve emarginate at the 
top and fides ; corolla lefs than the calyx; ftamina three; 
flyle bifid. Male as in the hermaphrodites, but with the 
flowers in the lower fide of the fame fpike, ftanding out 
more. 
Specks. 1. Manifuris myurus, or moufe-tail fcaly grafs s 
MAN 
fpikes lateral, outer valves flat, ovate-emarginate at the 
top and tides, culm afeending. Culms afeending or dif- 
fufed, jointed, even, the thicknefs of a large thread, a foot 
high, branched towards the bafe, and with alternate fpike- 
bearing branches at top. Leaves even, theathing, fpread¬ 
ing, narrower; with thickith (heaths, (hotter than the in¬ 
ternode. Floral leaves at the bafe of the peduncle, with¬ 
out (heaths, eredf, convoluted like the glumes, lanceolate. 
Spikes three or four on a culm, folitary, lateral, and ter¬ 
minating, peduncled, twice as thick as the culm, figured, 
imbricate, more clofely fo at the back, fomewhat jointed’ 
punched with a few holes as it were with emarginate feales • 
on the lower fide (next the ground) jointed and bifarioufly 
fquarrofe ; florets ftriated, roundilh, a little prominent. 
Native of the Eaft Indies. Found by Koenig in dry ele¬ 
vated barren ground on the coaft of Coromandel, not un¬ 
frequented. Dr. Roxburgh gathered it in the fame coun¬ 
try, and informs us that it is called by the Telingas nalla 
panoocoo. This fpecies is delineated on the annexed Plate 
at fig. 1. at a, we have (hown the mouth of the (heath of 
one of the leaves a little magnified ; b , part of the fore-fide 
of a fpike; c, part of the back of the fame ; d, calyx of the 
hermaphrodite flower; e, corolla of the fame;/; its germ, 
&c - gsg> the nedary; h, calyx of the male flower; i, the* 
two male florets: all much magnified. The root is (hown 
feparate, but connected by a dotted line. 
2. Manifuris granularis, or granulated fcaly grafs: 
fpikes lateral, outer valves orbicular, callous-dotted • 
(heaths hairy, culm ered. This has been already noticed 
from Linnaeus’s Mantiffa, under Cenchrus granularis 
which fee. It has, however, the charader of Manifuris’ 
and therefore is juttly placed in this genus by Swartz and 
Gaertner. The latter obferves, that the calyx of the her¬ 
maphrodite flowers when ripe becomes hard, almoft like 
the (hell of a nut, incloling the feed very tight, and not 
letting it drop ; and that the feed is fmall, roundilh, con¬ 
vex on one fide, flattifli on the other, and red. Sloane’s 
fynonym is quoted by Linnaeus under Panicum clandef- 
tinum. The root is (aid by Swartz to be annual, confid¬ 
ing of numerous nearly-fmooth fibres; Item a foot or two 
in height, branched from the bottom, leafy, round, ftnooth, 
(lender. Leaves broad, taper-pointed, more or lefs hairy’ 
with tumid, ribbed, very-hairy, and minutely-tubercu- 
lated, (heaths. Spikes folitary, at the ends of fmall, la¬ 
teral, axillary, leafy branches; each fpike is about an inch 
long, compofed of numerous imbricated flowers, on a zig¬ 
zag italk, the united ones confpicuous on one fide, the 
males on the other. The outer calyx-glume of the former 
is orbicular, pale or purplilh, the fize of a fmall pin’s 
head, ftrongly reticulated with elevated ribs, and inter¬ 
mediate depreffions. Swartz fays there are two inner 
glumes, w hich are ovate, nearly equal, pointed, white and 
pellucid. Roxburgh’s figure does not accord with this. 
The former writer deferibes the corolla as of two minute 
ovate whitifli glumes, half the fize of the outer valve of 
the calyx, and the neftary of two extremely-diminutive 
flethy whitifli feales, forming a cup at the bale of the o- er - 
men and ftamens. The male flowers are rather larger 
each confifting of two parallel, equal, ovate, calyx-glumes^ 
which are ftriated and hifpid, with a fmall, white, bivalve 
corolla, and a fimilar neffary to the other. See the fame 
Plate, fig. 2. where alfo S (hows the front part of the ra- 
chis ; /, an hermaphrodite flower; m, a male flower; and 
n, a neuter flower ; all much iiiagnified. 
MANITOU', or Manitoualin', a clufter of iflands 
towards the north (liore of Lake Huron, ftretchin°- from 
the vicinity of Cabot’s Head, north-wefterly acrofs the 
lake, to Lake George, below the Fails of St. Mary. Thefe 
iflands are held facred by the Indians. 
MANITOU"' KIA'MEN, a polt of Chinefe Tartary, in 
the country of the Kalkas. Lat. 43.22. N. Ion. 106.40. E 
MANITOU' OUDOU'C, a town ot Chinefe Tartary, in 
the country of the Monguls. Lat. 42. N. Ion. 112.14. E. 
MANITZKA'IA, a town of Ruilia, in the country of 
the Coliics; forty miles eaft-north-eaft of Azoph. 
MANIVAL', 
