ego M A N 
beth-hill. She was buried in the middle aide of the church 
of St. Bennet, Paul’s Wharf, where a marble grave-ftone 
was ereffed to her memory. Biographia Dramatica. 
MANLIEU', a town of France, in the department of 
the Puy de Dome: feven miles ealt of Iflbire. 
MAN'LIKE, aaj. Having the complexion and proper 
qualities of man.—Such a right manlike man, as nature, 
often erring, yet thews die would fain make. Sidney .— 
Of man’s nature: 
He fifties, drinks, and wades 
The lamp of night in revels: is not more manlike 
Than Cleopatra. Shakcfp. Antony and Cleopatra, 
Under his forming hand a creature grew, 
Manlike, but different fex. Milton, 
MAN'LINESS,/! Dignity; bravery; doutnefs.—Young 
mader, willing to (hew himfelf a man, lets himielf loofe 
to all irregularities ; and thus courts credit and manlinefs 
in the cading off the modedy he has till then been kept 
in. Locke. 
MAN'LING,yi A diminutive of man.—Augudus often 
called him his witty mauling, from the littlenefs of his 
ftature. B. jfonfon’s Dijcoveries. 
MAN'LIUS, the name of two celebrated confuls of an¬ 
cient Rome. See that article. 
MAN'LIUS, in geography, a pod-town of North Ame¬ 
rica, in Onondago county, New York, incorporated in 
1794, and the feat of the county-courts. It is well watered 
by feveral creeks, which uniteat the north-ead corner of 
the town ; and the dream, affuming the name Chittenengo, 
runs north to Oneida Lake, lying ten miles didant. 
MAN'LY, adj. Manlike; becoming a man ; firm; brave; 
ftout; undaunted; undifmayed: 
See great Marcellus! how inur’d in toils. 
He moves with manly grace. Dryden's AEneid. 
Serene and manly, harden’d to fudain 
The load of life, and exercis’d in pain. Dryden. 
Not womanifh ; not childifh : 
I’ll fpeak between the change of man and boy 
With a reed voice; and turn two mincing deps 
Into a manly dride. Shake/p. Merck, of Venice. 
MAN'LY, adv. With courage like a man. 
MAN'NA, f. A medicinal drug, of great ufe in the 
modern praftice, as a gentle purgative, and clean fer of the 
fird paflages. Manna is a white fweet juice oozing from 
the trunk, branches, and leaves, of a kind of afh-tree, the 
Fraxinus rotundifolia, (which fee,) chiefly in Calabria, 
during the heats of fummer. 
Manna has been erroneoufly held to be a kind of mel 
aerium, or honey-dew, which, falling in the night, gathers 
on certain trees, and even on rocks, and on the earth itfelf ; 
where it hardens with the fun. But what refutes this opi¬ 
nion is, that fuch dews melt in the fun ; whereas manna 
whitens and hardens in it. Add, that fuch dews are found 
only on the tops and extremes of the leaves; whereas manna 
is chiefly found to lodge on the trunks of the branches ; 
and that the honey-dew falls only on trees open to the 
air ; whereas manna is found on trees which are under 
cover; as was experienced by Dr. Cornelius, who ga¬ 
thered manna from branches covered on purpofe with 
cloth ; and Lobel allures us, that manna had been gathered 
from branches of the afh which had been thrown the day 
before into a cellar. It is much more rational to rank 
manna amongft the number of gums, which, exuding from 
the juice of the tree, is condenfed into thofe flakes in which 
we fee it. 
Manna is far from being peculiar to the alli-tree of Ca¬ 
labria, on which it is ufually found. The rotundifolia is 
not the only fpecies of alh which produces it. It is af¬ 
forded, though in lefs abundance, particularly in Sicily, 
by the Fraxinus ornus and excelfior; thefe three fpecies 
are cultivated in Sicily, and planted on the declivity of a 
hill, with an ealtern alpeCt for the purpofe of procuring 
manna. After ten years’ growth, the trees begin to yield 
M A N 
the manna, but they do not afford it in very confiderable 
quantity till they are much older; and, as manna is no 
other than the matter of the fenfible tranfpiration of trees, 
and plants in general, it is found on many different kinds, 
in different quantities. 
At Briangon, in France, they colltdl manna from all 
forts of trees that grow there ; and the inhabitants obferve, 
that fuch fummers as produce them the greateft quantities 
of manna are very fatal to their trees. Their walnut trees 
produce annually a confiderable quantity; but, if there 
happen a year in which they produce more than ordinary, 
they ufually find many of them perilh in the following 
winter. It ieems plain from this, that manna is only the 
extravafated juice of the tree, which cannot furvive fo 
great a lofs of it; and what not a little confirms this is, 
that the very hot fummers are always thofe which are the 
molt abundantly productive of manna. The ancients were 
fenfible of this fpontaneous produflion of manna from fe¬ 
veral fpecies of trees fo very different from one another, 
and from thence fell into the error of fuppofing it fome- 
thing wholly foreign to the tree; an error very natural 
to thofe who did not know that the nutritive juices of 
very many trees are nearly, if not wholly, the fame. It 
was from this opinion of its origin, that they called it 
aerial honey. 
Manna is a fubftance in many things very nearly related 
to fugar and to honey ; it is inflammable in the fame man¬ 
ner, and it melts in water as eafily as fugar, and liquifies 
even in a moilt air, and, by the affiftance of heat, in recti¬ 
fied fpirit alfo ; the impurities only being left by both 
menftrua. On infpiffating the watery folution, the manr.a 
is recovered of a much darker colour than at firft. From 
the faturated fpirituous folution great part of it feparates 
as the liquor cools, concreting into a flaky mals, of a 
fnowy whitenefs, and a very grateful fweetnefs. When 
expofed on hot coals, it fwells, takes fire, and leaves a 
light bulky coal. When boiled with lime, clarified with 
white of egg, and concentrated by evaporation, it affords 
cryftals of fugar. By diftillation manna affords water, 
acid, oil, and ammonia ; and its coal affords alkali. 
M. Lemery, in his analyfis, drew from manna a vinous 
liquor, of the fame kind with that obtained from honey. 
Mead may alfo be made of manna, in the fame way that 
it is made from honey ; but it is neither fo rtrong, nor fo 
agreeable to the tafte, as that of honey. From as much 
mead as was made from two pounds of manna, M. Le¬ 
mery drew off by diftillation eight ounces of a fort of 
brandy, and, on redifying this, procured an ounce and a 
half of a pure burning fpirit, like in all refpeds to redfi- 
fied fpirit of wine. This fpirit of manna is accounted by 
fome a fudorific, and is given from half a dram to a dram 
and a half. M. Lemery, having left the remaining liquor, 
after the diftillation of the fpirituous part of the manna- 
mead, in a warm place for two years, found that it depo- 
fited to the bottoms of the bottles feven drams of an effen- 
tial fait of manna, which was white, hard, brittle, and 
formed into fine needles, and was of an acid tafte, with an 
admixture of fweet. This fait is purgative, and its dofe 
is a dram. All the remaining acid liquor being diltilled, 
there remained at the bottom of the retort a quantity of 
matter of the confidence of honey, which weighed twenty 
ounces ; fo that, out of two pounds of manna, there had 
been twelve ounces confumed, to make the fpirit, and to 
give the acidity to the remaining liquor. This honey¬ 
like reliduum, being finally diftilled with a (trong fire, there 
arofe a reddifh liquor of an acrid tafte, and with a ftrong 
empyreumatic fmell, and with this a few drops of blackilh 
oil ; after this operation, the remainder in the retort was 
four ounces of a very light black coal. The coal, it is to 
be obferved, is here only one-eighth of the weight of the 
manna, which is fomewhat Angular, fince, in the purelfc 
honey, treated in the fame manner, it always weighs one- 
fourth of the original whole quantity. It is plain from, 
hence, that manna is a much purer fubftance than honey ; 
it is alfo remarkable, that, in farther treatment of this coal, 
there 
