Of) 2 
MAN 
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labour, make holes in the ground, and drop into each a 
few grains; or, by a procefs ftill more tedious, raife the 
feed in beds, and afterwards plant it out. 
The diftrict of Manna, as well as other parts of Sumatra, 
is fubjeft to very deftruftive earthquakes. By a fevere ca¬ 
lamity of this kind that occurred in 1770, a village was 
deftroyed by the houfes falling down and taking fire, and 
feveral lives were loft. The ground in one place was rent 
for a quarter of a mile to the width of two fathoms, and the 
depth of four or five. A bituminous matter is defcribed 
to have fwelled over the fidesof the cavity ; and the earth, 
for a long time after the ihock, was obferved to contraft: 
and dilate alternately. Many parts of the hills far inland 
could be diftinguifhed to have given way ; and, as a con- 
fequence of this, Manna river was fo much impregnated 
with particles of clay, that the natives could not bathe in 
it. At this time was formed, near to the mouth of Padang- 
goochie, a neighbouring river, fouth of the former, a large 
plain, feven miles long, and half a mile broad, where bad 
before been only a narrow beach. A final 1 but beautiful 
cafcadedefcends perpendicularly from the (teep cliff, which, 
like an immenfe rampart, lines the fea-fhore near Manna. 
No country in the world is better watered than this. 
Springs are found wherever they are fought for. The ri¬ 
vers on the weftern coaft are innumerable, but too fmall 
and rapid for the purpofes of navigation. The vicinity 
of the mountains to that fide of the ifland occafions this 
profufion of rivulets, wliilft it prevents their accumulating 
to any fize. At Manna, th e Jbompatan, that is, the “fwear- 
irig apparatus,” on which an oath is adminiftered, is a gun- 
barrel. When ufed for this purpofe, it is carried to the 
fpot in (fate, under an umbrella, and wrapt in lilk. This 
parade has an advantageous efl'eft, by influencing the 
mind of the party with an high idea of the importance and 
folemnity of an oath. The Sumatrans fometimes fwear by 
the earth, laying their hands upon it, and wifhing that it 
may never produce aught for their nourifhment if they 
fpeak falfely. The town of Manna is diftant 300 miles 
fouth-weft from Indrapour. Lat. 4. 25.S. Ion. 102.40. E. 
Marfden's Sumatra. 
MAN'NA, a town of Africa, in Jallonkadoo, near the 
Senegal. Lat. 12. 20. N. Ion. 8. 50. W. 
MAN'NACH, a river of Bavaria, which runs into the 
Danube five miles below Straubing. 
MANNACO’TE, a town of Kemaoon: fixty miles 
north-welt of Kerigar. 
M ANNEBACA'NI, a town of Congo: forty miles 
fouth-welt of Congo. 
MANNEQUEBEU'RE, a town of France, in the de¬ 
partment of the Straits of Calais: nine miles eaft-fouth- 
eaft of Calais. 
MAN'NER, f. [maniere, Fr. ] Form ; method : 
In my divine Emilia make me bleft ; 
Find thou the manner, and the means prepare; 
Pofleflion, move than conqueft, is my care. Dryden. 
Cuftom ; habit; faflilon.—As the manner of fome is. New 
Tejlament. —Certain degree.—If the envy be general in a 
manner upon all the minilters of an efiate, it is truly upon 
the (fate itlelf. Bacon's EJjays. 
It is in a manner done already ; « 
For many carriages he hath diipatch’d 
To the fea-fide. Shakejpeare's King John. 
Sort; kind.—All manner of men aflembled here in arms 
again ft God’s peace and the king’s; we charge you to re¬ 
pair to your dwelling-places. Shakejpeare's Henry VI. 
A love that makes breath poor, and fpeech unable; 
Beyond all manner of fo much I love you. Shakejpeare. 
Mien ; call of the look.—Air and manner are more expref- 
live than words. Some men have a native dignity in their 
manner, which will procure them more regard by a look, 
than others can obtain by the moft imperious commands. 
Rickardjon's ClariJJa. —Peculiar way; diftindt mode.—It 
tan hardly be imagined liovv great a difference was in the 
MAN 
humour, difpofition, and manner, of the army under EfTex, 
and the other under Waller. Clarendon. —Some few touches 
of your lordfhip, which I have endeavoured to exprefs af¬ 
ter your manner , have made whole poems of mine to pafs 
with approbation. Dryden s Juvenal. —As man is known 
by his company, fo a man’s company may be known by 
his manner of exprelling himfelf. Swift.. —Way; mode: of 
things.—The temptations of profperity infinuate tliem- 
felves after a gentle, but very powerful, manner. Atterbury. 
To take in the Manner. To catch in the aftual coin- 
miffion of a crime.—If I melt into melancholy while I 
write, I (hall be taken in the manner-, and I fit by one too 
tender to thefe impreftions. Donne. —S^e Mainour, p. 162. 
Manner, in painting, is not only employed in its natu¬ 
ral fenfe, as delignatory of that peculiarity in each painter’s 
mode of compofition, drawing, and execution, which, iike 
diverfity in hand-writings, charafterifes the produftions 
of different individuals; but it has alfo a technical mean¬ 
ing, in which it is commonly employed by artifts and cpn- 
noiffeurs, viz. to mark certain deviations from nature in 
the works of artifts, into which they have fallen in the 
courfe of their endeavour to obtain that high portion of 
acknowledged excellence, known by the name of Jlyle ; of 
which manner may be confidered as the bathos. 
The proper application of this word in the art is evident. 
No two painters have ever executed their works ki a manner 
exaftly finiilar, how nearly foever they may have imitated 
each other. In every cafe variety ftill appears, extending 
through every portion and principle of their compofitions, 
as well as in their execution of them ; juft as men think, 
and write differently upon the fame lubjefts, and convey 
their ideas by diftimilar charafters, though tracing the 
fame letters. It is by this diverfity that connoifleurs are 
enabJed to afeertain the authors of pictures, whofe names 
as fuch would othervvife have been loft; b.y this the dif¬ 
ferent fchools of art are pointed out, and the works of the 
artifts educated in them ; although fome of fuperior ex¬ 
cellence have varied their manner, in the courfe of their 
praftice, more than once. Thus, Titian is laid to have 
had his firft, fecond, and third, manner ; Raphael, his 
Perugino manner, his own, and that framed in imitation 
of Michael Angelo. By this, alfo, the gradual advance of 
the art may be traced, from its earlieft periods, to its ar¬ 
rival at the higheft perfection which it attained in the 
Italian and Flemifh fchools. 
Art has three ftages, as natural to it as childhood, man¬ 
hood, and age, to man ; viz. imitation, Jlyle, and manner. 
Imitation is the lole object which can prefent itfelf to the 
wilh of thofe who attempt to paint, without having any 
pictures before them ; the imitation of a natural object 
being the propofed end of the attempt. When a man has 
obtained the power of reprefenting bodies, he naturally 
feeks for the belt and moft agreeable fubjefts for the exer- 
cile of his acquired power, and alfo endeavours to give 
them as much beauty and intereft as poftible ; this necef- 
farily leads to Jlyle ; and this, once acquired and exhibited 
to view, excites others to improve upon, and indulge their 
minds in, the ideal gratification which arifes from ir,and 
in weak hands produces manner, the bane of the art and 
artift. One linking difference between ltyle and manner 
is this : the former may at firft fight be unfatisfaftory to 
an uninformed mind, but inveftigation will gradually in- 
creafe its value, and heighten it in elfimation ; the latter, 
on the contrary, may charm at firft fight, but never fails 
to dilguft on a prolonged obfervation, when its folly and 
imperfeftion become apparent. It is an evil which thofe 
are always in grea.t danger of being fubjefted to, who en¬ 
deavour to make their piftures agreeable, rather than im- 
preffive; and forget that the higheft praifedue to an artift 
is given only, when he claims it by correftnefs of force 
and expreftion. 
A fimple imitation may be wrought in a bad or good 
ftyle; it cannot be faid to be mannered, unlefs fome vio¬ 
lation of the principles of nature appear introduced, in 
order to give an ideal improvement upon the natural ef- 
feft. 
