293 
M A N 
fcfh In drawing, all affiliations of fquare or round, of 
ftraight or undulating lines; in colour, all introduftions 
of florid or dull tints, which trench upon the true fim- 
plicity of nature ; and in expreflion, all extravagant in- 
creafe of actions in the features or limbs of a figure, which 
are not juflified by the fentiment intended to be con¬ 
veyed ; all thefe come under the denomination of manner. 
Thefe peculiarities are frequently to be found in th.e works 
of truly great men ; but they are not the lefs objectiona¬ 
ble in principle, and perhaps would not have been em¬ 
ployed by them but to overcome fome local difadvantage ; 
in that cafe, Jlyle becomes their proper name. But the 
want of this conlideration has often led lludents tp the 
admiration of thefe very defeats, and a blind imitation of 
them which neceffarily generates manner . 
It is when the practice of art has become matured by 
fkilful men, that others build fyltems for their conduit 
upon the works of their predeceffors ; and, though it is 
very proper that a fyfiem be afled upon, as it greatly facili¬ 
tates and improves the practice, yet too ready and Itridt 
a reliance upon it is almoft the certain guide to manner : 
to avoid which, a conftant reference to nature is abfo- 
lutely neceflary. Hence, after the period when M. An¬ 
gelo, Raphael, Titian, and Corregio, lived and exerted 
their powerful talents in the perfection of the art of paint¬ 
ing, fucceeding artills, not endued with their vigour of 
perception, endeavoured to difcover in their works fome 
means of keeping-up with them; to eftablifh fome lyftem, 
on which they had or might have proceeded in their ex¬ 
traordinary and beautiful productions; it thence became 
as much an^abjeCt to imitate the works of fome favourite 
artiit as thofe of nature ; and the true intension of the 
art, being thus but an acceflory rather than a principal, 
was too often facrificed. Almoft the whole number of the 
ingenious men who learned in the fchool of the Caracci, 
and followed the principles inculcated there, may be pro¬ 
perly termed mannerijls. 
Manner, confidered thus, is a kind of receipt for mak¬ 
ing a piCiure, a ready mode of combining the neceflary 
ingredients; in which, however, though the hand of the 
artiit may foraetimes by accident add a larger or fmaller 
proportion of any one of them, the refult is inevitably of 
nearly the fame quality, and is in conftant danger of being 
mifapplied ; for it is equally as ridiculous to fuppofe that 
one kind of execution or mode of compofition will fuit 
the reprefentation of all kinds of fubjeCis, as to believe 
that one compofition of medical drugs is adequate to the 
cure of all kinds of difeafes. 
To MAN'NERISE, v. n. To bring into a certain form, 
to imprefs with a peculiar charafter.—Savages, their minds 
never having been bent by methodical ftudy, nor their bo¬ 
dies ftiffened or manneri/e'd, by mechanical labour, all their 
conceptions are bold and vigorous, and all their ads and 
gelt u res free and animated, specimens of Ancient Sculpture. 
MAN'NERIST, f. Any artiit who performs all his 
works in one unvaried manner: 
Not fuch a likenefs, as, through Hayman’s works, 
(Dull mannerijl,) in Chriftians, Jews, and Turks, 
Cloys with a famenefs. Churchill's Gotham. 
MAN'NERLINESS, f. Civility ; ceremonious com- 
plaifance.'—Others out of mannerline/s and refpeCt to God, 
though they deny this univerfal foul of the univerfe, yet 
have deviled feveral fyltems of the univerfe. Hale’s Origin 
of Mankind. 
MAN'NERLY, adj. Civil; ceremonious; complaifant. 
—Tut; tut; here’s a mannerly forbearance. Shakefpeare.-— 
Fools make a mock at fin, affront the God whom we ferve, 
and vilify religion; not to oppofe them, by whatever man¬ 
nerly v.ames we may palliate the feffence, is not modelty, 
but cowardice, and atraiterous defertion of our allegiance 
to Chrilt. Rogers. 
Let me have 
What thou think’ft meet, and is moft mannerly. Shakefpeare. 
Vol. XIV. No. 974. 
MAN 
MAN'NERLY, adv. Civilly; without rudenefs : 
When we’ve fupp’d. 
We’ll mannerly demand thee of thy Itory. Shakefpeare . 
MAN'NERS, yi pi. Character of the mind.—His princes 
are as much diltinguilhed by their manners as by their do¬ 
minions; and even thofe among them, whofe characters 
leem wholly made up of courage, differ from one another 
as to the particular kinds. AddiJ'on. —General way of life; 
morals; habits.—The kinds of mufic have moft operation 
upon manners: as, to make them warlike; to make them 
foft and effeminate. Bacon.~ Every fool carries more or 
lefs in his face the lignature of his manners , more legible 
in fome than others. L'EJlrange. 
We bring our manners to the bleft abodes, 
And think what pleafes 11s mult pleafe the gods. Drydcn. 
Behaviour.—Our griefs and not our manners reafon now. 
Shakefpeare. 
Thefe bloody accidents mull excufe my manners, 
That lo negleCted you. Shakefpeare's Othello. 
Good manners bound her to invite 
The ftranger dame to be her gueft that night. Dryden. 
Good behaviour.—None but the carelefs and the confident 
would rufn rudely into the prefence of a great man ; and 
(hall we, in our applications to the great God, take that to 
be religion, which the common reafon of mankind will 
not allow to be manners ? South. —Dear Kate, you and I 
cannot be confined within the weak lift of a country’s 
falhion : we are the makers of manners , Kate. Shakefpeare . 
The time will not allow the compliment, 
Which very manners urge. Shakefpeare’s King Lear. 
Your paflion bends 
Its force againft your neared friends. 
Which manners, decency, and pride, 
Have taught you from the world to hide. Swfli 
Ungracious wretch. 
Fit for the fountains and the barbarous caves. 
Where manners ne’er were preach’d. Shakefpeare. 
The golden rule of virtue is alfo the golden rule of 
manners : true politenefs confifts in deference to others, 
and in conceding our own wants arid wilhes to the plea- 
fure and enjoyment of others. 
Good manners, according to Swift, is the art of making 
thole people eafy with whom we converfe. Whoever makes 
the fewelt perfons uneafy, is the bell bred in the company. 
As the bell law is founded upon realon, lo are the belt 
manners. And, as fome lawyers have introduced unrea- 
fonable things into common law ; fo likewile many teachers 
have introduced abfurd things into common good manners. 
One principal point of this art is to fuit our behaviour to 
the three feveral degrees of men ; our fuperiors, our equals, 
and thofe below us. For inltance, to prefs either ot the 
two former to eat or drink is a breach of manners ; but a 
tradefman or a farmer mult be thus treated, or elfe it will 
be difficult to perfuade them that they are welcome. 
Pride, ill-nature, and want of fenfe, are the three great 
fources of ill manners ; without fome one of thefe detects, 
no man will behave himfelf ill for want of experience ; or 
of what, in the language of fools, is called knowing the world. 
“ I defy (proceeds our author) any one to ailign an in¬ 
cident wherein reafon will not direct us what we are to 
fay or to do in company, if we are not miilead by pride 
or ill nature. Therefore, I inlift that good fenfe is the prin¬ 
cipal foundation of good manners ; but, becaule the former is 
a gift which very few among mankind are poirdfed of, 
therefore all the civilized nations of the world have agreed 
upon fixing fome rules for common behaviour, belt luffed 
to their general cuftoms, or fancies, as a kind of artificial 
good fenle to fupply the defefts of reafon ; without 
which, the gentlemanly part of dunces would be perpe¬ 
tually at cuffs, as they (eldom fail when they happen to 
be drunk, or engaged in fquabbles about women or plav. 
4 F And, 
