MAN 
bles the obligation ; if upon your account, it would be 
manifeft folly, as well as ingratitude, to negleft it; if both 
are concerned, to make your equal or inferior attend on 
you to his own difadvantage, is pride and injuftice. 
** Ignorance of forms cannot properly be ItyJed ill ?>ian- 
ners ; becaufe forms are fuhjeft to frequent changes ; and 
confequently, being not founded upon reafon, are beneath 
a wife man’s regard. Befides, they vary in every coun¬ 
try ; and after a fhort period of time vary frequently in 
the fame; fo that a man who travelleth muft needs be at 
firft a ftranger to them in every court through which he 
pafi'eth ; and, perhaps, at his return as much a ftranger 
in his own ; and, after all, they are eafier to be remem¬ 
bered or forgotten than faces or names. Indeed, among 
the many impertinencies that fuperficial young men bring 
with them from abroad, this bigotry of forms is one of 
the principal, and more predominant than the reft : who 
look upon them not only as if they were matters capable 
of admitting of choice, but even as points of importance; 
and therefore are zealous upon all occalions to introduce 
and propagate the new forms and fafhions they have 
brought back with them ; fo that, ufually fpeaking, the 
worlt bred perfon in the company is a young traveller 
juft arrived from abroad.” 
Upon the ftate of manners in Germany, Mad. de Stael’s 
recent work, De l’Allemagne, may be confulted with 
great advantage. As to thofe of the French metropolis, 
fee our article France, vol. vii. p. 903. 
Manners, in poetry, denote the inclinations, genius, 
and humour, which the poet gives to his perfons, and 
whereby he diftinguithes his characters. 
Ariftotle defines manners to be, that which difcovers 
the inclination of him who fpeaks, and fliows what he will 
refolve upon, or what reject, before he has actually de¬ 
termined. One inftance will make this definition clear. 
In the firft book of Virgil, ZEneas is represented extremely 
pious, and determined to execute the will of the gods at 
all adventures. In the fourth book he has a difficult 
choice propofed ; being engaged, on the one hand, out of 
a principle of love, gratitude, and honour, not to quit 
Dido; and having, on the other hand, an exprefs order 
front the gods to depart for Italy. Now, before it ap¬ 
pears on which fide he lias-determined, what he has be¬ 
fore (aid fliould fltow his will and inclinations, and which 
part he will take. And thofe preceding difcourfes, which 
difcover his future refolution, make what we call the poe¬ 
tical manners. Thofe therefore make it palt doubt he 
will abandon Dido to obey the gods; this he does in ef- 
feft ; and the manners, therefore, are good, and well con¬ 
duced. Had he difobeyed the orders of-Jupiter, to Itay 
with Dido, the manners had been ill; becaufe they would 
have foretold a refolution contrary to what he was really 
to take. But, had there been nothing to make 11s forefee 
any refolution of ZEneas at all, neither that which he ac¬ 
tually took, nor the contrary, in that cafe there had been 
no manners at all. It is the manners, as before obferved, 
that diftinguifti the characters ; and, unlefs the manners 
be well expreffed, we fhall never be acquainted with the 
perfons at all 5 nor, confequently, fhall we be either ter¬ 
rified with forefeeing their dangers or melted into pity 
by feeing their fufferings. The manners fliould be fuit- 
able to the age, fex, rank, climate, and condition, of the 
perfon that has them. Horace obfer.ves, “ Intererit mul- 
tnm Duvufne loquatur, an heros.” Again, the manners 
muft be equal ; that is, they muft be conltant, or confiftent, 
through the whole character; or the variety or inequality 
of the manners, as in nature, fo in the drama, muft be 
equal. The fearful muft never be brave, nor the brave 
timorous ; the avaricious nnift never be liberal, nor vice 
yerjd. In this part Shakefpeare’s manners are admirable. 
Befides thefe qualities, there is another efiential to their 
beauty; which is, that they be ncccjfary ; that is, that no 
vicious quality, or inclination, be given to any poetic per- 
ion, unlefs jt appear to be abfolutdy neceflary or requi¬ 
re to the. carrying on of the aftiom 
M A N G 95 
MAN NERSDORFF, a town of Auftrin, on the Ley- 
tha, celebrated for its medicinal waters : feventeen miles 
fouth-fouth-eaft of Vienna. 
MAN'NIKIN. See Manikin. 
MAN'NING, f. An old law-word for the days’ work 
of a man. The aft of furnifhing with men. See Im¬ 
pressing, vol. x. p. 874. 
MAN'NING- (Francis), was fon of Francis Manning, 
of London, gent, and was matriculated at Oxford the 8th 
of March, 1688, being then a commoner of Trinity Col¬ 
lege. He feems to have left the univerfity without taking 
a degree; and, purfuing the line of civil employment, we 
find him, in 1707, fecretary to Mr. Stanyan, envoy to the 
Swifs Cantons. He afterwards, in queen Anne’s time, 
was promoted to be minifter to the Gritons ; and, on the 
30th of June, 1716, was appointed envoy to the Thirteen 
Cantons, and to the republic of the Grifons. After this 
period we can dilcover no account of him. He tranflated 
Dion Caffius, and wrote the following plays, viz. 1. The 
Generous Choice, a comedy, 4to. 1700. a. All for tire 
Better, or the Infallible Cure, a comedy, 410. no date. 
Biographia Dramatica. 
MAN'NING BA'Y, an harbour of Ireland, on the weft 
coaft of the county of Galway. Lat. 53. 28. N. Ion. 10, 
5. W. 
MAN'NINGHAM, a townfhip of Yorkfhire, in the 
Weft Riding, north of Bradford, containing 1357 inha¬ 
bitants, including 488 employed in trade and manufac¬ 
tures. 
MAN'NINGTON, a poft-town of North America, in 
the ftate of New Jerfey : thirty-five miles fouth-fouth-weft 
of Burlington. 
MAN'NINGTREE. See Maningtree, p. 286. 
MAN'NISH, adj. Having the appearance of a man ; 
bold; mafeuline; impudent.—Nature had proportioned, 
her without any fault; yet altogether feemed not to make 
up that harmony that Cupid delights in: the reafon 
whereof might feem a manmjh countenance, which over¬ 
threw that lovely fweetneis, the nobleft power of wo¬ 
mankind, far fitter to prevail by parley than by battle, 
Sidney. 
A woman, impudent, and manni/h growm, 
Is not more loath than an effeminate man. Shakcfpeare. 
MAN'NORY (Louis), advocate of the parliament of 
Paris, where he was born in 1696, and died in 1777. From 
him we have 18 vols. 12010. of Pleadings and Memoirs. 
A great number of lingular cafes occur in this collection ; 
and the author has the talent of rendering them more 
ftriking by the agreeable planner in which they are Itated. 
He was Travenol’s counfel in his procefs againft Voltaire, 
and was very fatirical agiinft that poet. The latter took 
revenge by deferibing hith as a mercenary babbier, who 
fold his pen and his abufe to the nighelt bidder. Man- 
nory publifhed alfo a tranflation into French of Father 
Paree’s Funeral Oration on Louis XIV. and very judi¬ 
cious Obfervations on the Semiramis of Voltaic. 
MANNOZ'ZI (Giovanni), an Italian■ painter, more 
commonly known by the name of Giovanni da San Gio « 
vanni. He was one of the bett Italian anitts in freico. 
Poffeffing a vivid imagination and a ready 1 hand, his works 
are numerous, and adorn many of the churches and oa- 
laces of Roms and Florence. He did not begin to paint 
till he was eighteen years old ; his fu.ee eis is therefore the 
more extraordinary. The genius he was endowed with 
being of an irregular nature, he frequently took great li¬ 
berties in his defigns ; but his frefco-paintings at Florence 
ihow how well, when he pleafed, he could reitrain the im¬ 
proper exuberances of his imagination. He died in 1636, 
aged 46. 
MANN'SDORF, a town of Si efia, in the principality 
of Noilie : three miles eaft.of Nfcifte. 
M AN'NUS, J. [Latin, a horte.] A pad, or faddle-horfe. 
In the laws of Alfred, we find man tkeof for a horle-dealer. 
GcVi&lk. 
It 
M A NO'AH 
