MAN 
variety of ftatjutes, adapted to the particular nature of each 
bufinefs to which they are applied, to guard againft: the 
frauds and negligence of journeymen and workmen con¬ 
cerned therein. For a reference to the feveral ftatutes re¬ 
lative to every particular branch, fee under the feveral 
appropriate titles. 
By ftat. 3 Ed. IV. c. 4. the matter and wardens of every 
craft in every city, town, and village, and the mayor or 
bailiff of every fuch city, &c. are empowered to fearch at 
fairs and markets, open (hops, and warehoufes, all fuch 
wares pertaining to their proper crafts which (hall be made 
within England ; and, if fuch wares be not lawful and 
duly wrought, to feize them as forfeit. 
By ftat. 1 Ann. ftat. 2. c. 18. made perpetual by ftat. 
9 Ann. c. 30. if any perfon employed in working up the" 
woollen, linen, fuftian, cotton, or iron, manufactures, (hall 
embezzle or purloin any materials which he (hall be in¬ 
truded with to work, or if any perfon (hall receive fuch 
embezzled materials, the offender (hall forfeit double the 
value to the poor, or be committed to the houfe of cor¬ 
rection, and there whipped and kept to hard labour for 
fourteen days. This ftatute was further enforced by ftat. 
13 Geo. II. c. 8. which made a fecond offence liable to a 
forfeiture of four times the value. Thefe provilions were 
howeverfound infufffcient. Therefore,' by ftats. 22 Geo. II. 
c. 27. and 17 Geo. III. c. 56. any perfon employed in 
working up any woollen, linen, (ilk, leather, or iron, ma¬ 
nufacture, who (hall purloin, embezzle, fecrete, fell, pawn, 
exchange, or unlawfully difpofe of, any of the materials, 
(hall be committed to the houfe of correction for not lefs 
than fourteen days, nor more than three months, and 
whipped ; and, for a fecond offence, to be committed for 
not lefs than three months nor more thart fix, and whipped. 
The receiver to forfeit from 40I. to 20I. or be whipped ; 
and for a fecond offence, from tool, to 50I. or be whipped. 
Thefe ftatutes alfo empower juftices to grant warrants to 
fearch for embezzled materials, and to (eize them, giving 
an opportunity to officers to prove the property; and alfo 
to compel workmen, entrufted with materials, to work up 
the fame within eight days, and to prevent their engaging 
in more than one fervice at a time. The provifions in 
ftat. 12 Geo. I. c. 34. againft unlawful clubs and focieties 
of wool-combers, &c. to regulate the trade, are by the 
22 Geo. II. c. 27. extended to dyers, hotprelfers, hat- 
tnakers, and all journeymen in the manufactures of (ilk, 
mohair, fur, hemp, flax, linen, cotton, fuftian, iron, or 
leather. The ftat. 17 Geo. III. c. 56. alfo contains many 
other provifions againft receivers of embezzled manufac¬ 
tures, and prohibits journeymen dyers in particular from 
receiving goods to dye without the confent of their em¬ 
ployers. 
By the ftat. 1 Ann. ftat. 2. c. 18. all payments to work¬ 
men in the manufactures therein mentioned, (hall be by 
lawful coin, and not by cloth, victuals, or commodities; 
and this humane provifion againft oppreflion and injuftice, 
is extended by ftat. 13 Geo. II. c. 8. to the manufacturers 
in leather; and by 19 Geo. III. c. 49. to the lace-manu- 
faCturers alfo. 
To prevent the deftruCtion of our home-manufaCtures, 
by tranfporting and /educing our artifls to fettle abroad, it is 
provided by ftat. 5 Geo. I. c. 27. that, if any one entice or 
feduce any artificer in wool, iron, fteel, brafs,or other me¬ 
tal, clock-maker, watch-maker, or other artificer, fuch fe- 
ducer (hall be fined iool. and be imprifoned three months ; 
and for the fecond offence (hall be fined at difcretion, and 
be imprifoned a-year; and the artificers lo going into fo¬ 
reign countries, and not returning within fix months af¬ 
ter warning given them by the Britifh ambaffador where 
they refide, (hall be deemed aliens, and forfeit all their 
lands and goods, apd (hall be incapable of any legacy or 
gift. By ftat. 23 Geo. II. c. 13. the feducers of the artifts 
above fpecined, or of thofe in mohair, cotton, or filk, in¬ 
cur for the firft offence a forfeiture of 500I. for each arti¬ 
ficer contracted with to be fent abroad, and imprifoninent 
foe twelve months 5 and for the fecond ioool. and are li- 
M A N Sal¬ 
able to two years’ imprifonment; and, by the fame ftatute, 
connected with ftat, 14 Geo. III. c. 71. if any perfon ex¬ 
port any tools or utenfils ufed in the filk, linen, cotton, or 
woollen, manufactures, (except wool-cards to North Arne- 
rica, ftat. 15 Geo. III. c. 5.) he forfeits the fame, and 200I. 
and the captain of the (hip, having knowledge thereof, iool. 
and, if any captain of a king’s (hip, or officer of the culioms,. 
knowingly fuffers fuch exportation, he (hall forfeit iool. 
and his employment; and is for ever made incapable of 
bearing any public office; and every perfon collecting fuch 
tools or utenfils in order to export the lame, (hall, on con¬ 
viction at the a (fifes, forfeit fuch tools, and alfo 200I. By 
ftat. 21 Geo. III. c. 37. if any perfon (hould put on-board 
any (hip, not bound to any place in Great Britain or Ire¬ 
land, or lhall have in his cultody with intent to export, 
any engine, tool, or implement, ufed in the woollen, cot¬ 
ton, linen, or (ilk, manufactures, he lhall forfeit the l.une, 
and alfo the fum of 200I. and (hall be imprifoned twelve 
months, and till the forfeiture is paid. And every captain 
and cuitom-houfe officer who (hall knowingly receive fuch. 
an article, or take an entry of it, lhall forfeit 200I. By 
ftat. 22 Geo. III. c. 60. if any perfon (hall entice or en¬ 
courage any artificer employed i n printing calicoes, cottons, 
muffins, or linens, to leave the kingdom, he (hall forfeit 
500I. and be imprifoned one year; and perfons who ex¬ 
port, or attempt to export, any engines or inftruments 
ufed in that manufacture, ffiall forfeit 500I. and captains 
of (hips and cuftom-houfe officers conniving at thefe of¬ 
fences forfeit iool. and become incapable of holding any 
office under the crown. By ftats. 25 Geo. III. c. 67., 
26 Geo. III. c. 89. perfons who attempt to export any 
inftruments, fpecifted by name in thofe arts, (the latter of 
which particularly regulates the exportation thereof to the 
Weft Indies,) (hall forfeit 200I. and be imprifoned one 
year; and captains and cuftom-houfe officers conniving at 
the offence are fubjeCt to the fame penalty, and become 
incapable of exerciffng any public employment. 
MANUFACTURING,/. The aft or procefs of mak¬ 
ing any piece of goods by hand. 
MANUGAS'TA, a town of South America, in the pro¬ 
vince of Tucuman: twenty miles fouth of St. Yago e! 
Elteros. 
MANULE'A, / [probably from manuka, Lat. a cover¬ 
ing for the hand, in allufion to the form of the corolla, the 
four fegments of whole limb pointing one way, and the 
fifth feparate from them, fuggelf the idea of a glove, at 
lead in M. cheiranthus, the leading fpecies.J In botany,, 
a genus of the clafs didynamia, order angiofpermia, natu¬ 
ral order of perfonatse, (pedicuiares, JuJJ.) The generic 
characters are—Calyx : perianthium five-parted ; leaflets 
linear, erett, equal, permanent. Corolla: one-petalled, 
irregular; tube cylindric, with the throat rather wider 5 
border five-parted, awl-(haped, fpreading ; the four upper 
divifions more connected at the bafe; the loweit reflex. 
Stamina: filaments four, very fliort; antherre the two up¬ 
per in the throat, the two lower foinewliat oblong, within 
the tube. Piltillum r germ (uperior, rotmdifli; ityle fili¬ 
form, the length of the lower ftamens; ftigma Ample.. 
Pericarpium : capfule ovate, the length of the calyx, two- 
celled, two-valved ; the valves when ripe femi-bihd ; par¬ 
tition doubled, by the inflex margins of the valves Seeds : 
very many, finall; receptacle oblong, compreffed, in tfie 
axis of the chpfule.— EJfendal Character. Calyx five-part¬ 
ed ; corolla with a five-parted awl-fiiaped border, the four 
upper fegments more connected ; capfule two-ceiled,, 
many-feeded. 
Species-. 1. Manulea cheiranthus, or hand-flowered ma¬ 
nulea: leaves naked; Items almoft leaflets; pedicels alter¬ 
nate, one-flowered. This is an annual. The herb has 
the ftature of Euphrafia. Stein a hand high, branching 
from the bafe to the middle in leverai upright round rug¬ 
ged ftemlets. Leaves alternate, obovate-oblong, felfife,. 
ferrate, on, the upper branches finall. Racemes terminat¬ 
ing, upright, longer than the plant. Braftes linear, (honor 
than the calyx. Peduncles alfo lhorter than the calyx. 
* CorolUa, 
