S 18 M A N 
fcription over his ftudy-door, defiring that vifitors would 
tell their bufinels in few words, and, unlefs they had fome- 
’ thing important to communicate, foon take their leave. 
On the whole there are few perfons to whom literature is 
more indebted, or who more deferve the gratitude and re- 
fpe£t of its votaries. 
MANU'TIUS (Paulus), fon of the preceding, a very 
eminent fcholar as well as printer, was born at Venice in 
1512. He was only three years of age at his father’s 
death, and was brought up under the care of his maternal 
grandfather, Andrea Torrefano d’AfoIa, who carried on 
the printing bufinefs under his own name and that of Al¬ 
dus. He received the rudiments of his literary educa¬ 
tion at Afola, whence he was early removed to a more 
learned inftruftor at Venice, under whom he made an ex¬ 
traordinary progrefs. The afiiduity with which he pur- 
fued his ftudies injured his health, and obliged his phy- 
ficians to enjoin him a ceffetion of two years, after which 
he was allowed to refume them. In his twenty-firft year, 
1533, Paulus re-opened the printing-office which had been 
fhut from the death of Andrea. In 1535 he paid a vifit 
to Rome ; and, after his return, he opened an academy 
for the inflruttion of twelve young men of family in po¬ 
lite literature, a tafk for which he was excellently quali¬ 
fied. In this employment he fpent three years, and then 
made a tour through the cities of Italy for the purpofe of 
examining the belt libraries. 
A liberal and magnificent plan had been formed at 
Rome by the cardinals Marcello Cervini and Aleffandro 
Farnefe, for printing all the molt valuable Greek manu- 
fcripts in the Vatican ; and the printer Antonio Blado had 
been brought from Venice for that purpofe. He had en¬ 
gaged Manutius to procure him founts of letter and 
other things neceffary ; and feme beautiful editions of 
ancient writers were publifhed from his prefs. In the 
mean time the progrefs of the reformation and the fitting 
of the council of Trent had rendered theological works 
in requeft ; and it was refolved to give Vatican editions 
of the fathers and other ecclefialtical writers which might 
furnilh arms to the defenders of the church. In order 
to unite corredlnefs with elegance in thefe editions, Pius 
IV. invited Manutius to Rome on a moderate felary, 
with the expenfesof removal ; and he arrived at that me¬ 
tropolis in the fummer of 1561. His prefs was in the 
capitol, in the palace of the Roman people, whence the 
works printed at it were generally dated “ Apud Paul- 
lum Manutium in FEdibus Popuii Romani.” He conti¬ 
nued in this employ, affilted by feveral learned men, dur¬ 
ing nine years, at the fame time keeping open his prefs 
at Venice. In 1570 he returned to Venice. From that 
period he had fcarcely any fettled relidence ; but palled 
J ome time in Genoa and Milan, and returned to Rome 
to take his daughter from a convent in which he had 
left her. Gregory XIII. then pope, was, however, 
unwilling to part with him, and engaged him to ftay by 
2 penfion, which permitted him to devote all his time to 
his ftudies. His fon, Aldus, in the mean time, was ma¬ 
naging the printing-bufmefs at Venice. His health now 
rapidly declined, and he expired at Rome in April 1574, 
in the fixty-fecond year of his age. 
To Paulus the learned world is indebted for many va¬ 
luable works of his own, befides .thofe of others which he 
ufliered to the public. His Angular admiration of Cicero 
rendered him a copious and diligent annotator on his 
works, which palled feveral times through his prefs. He 
performed the feme office for Virgil, another of his fa- 
>. oarites. He was much attached to the ftudy of Roman 
antiquities, and frequently adduced infcriptions and other 
monuments in the elucidation of authors. He was the 
firft who difeovered the Roman calendar, which he pub- 
J.filed from his fon’s prefs with two trails “ De Veterum 
Dictum Ratione,” and “ Kalendarii Romani explicatio.” 
ile hud formed the plan of a great work, in which every 
:opic of Roman antiquities was to be illuftrated ; but of 
'rim lie only publifhed an effey in his treatil'e “ De Curia 
Romana,” 1557. He was the firft who formed a collec- 
M A N 
tion of letters, as well Italian as Latin, of the firft of 
which he publifhed three books, from 1542 to 1564; of 
the fecond, one book in 1556. His own letters in both 
thefe languages may be compared with the bed; of other 
writers. Thofe in Latin, forming twelve books, have 
often been printed, and are truly Ciceronian in their ftyle. 
His Italian letters are ftill valued for the’ir unaffected ele¬ 
gance and fimplicity. Others of his works are Proverbs, 
aTreatife on the elements, and fome fmall traits. Paulus 
was highly efteemed and applauded by many of the firft 
fcholars of his age. As a printer he has merited high 
praife, on account both of the beauty and accuracy of 
liis editions. 
MANU'TIUS (Aldus, the Younger), fon of the pre¬ 
ceding, was born in 1547. His father paid great attention 
to his education, and himfelf took the office of his in- 
ftruftor. His progrefs in learning was extraordinary ; of 
which a proof was given to the world in a “ Colleftion 
of elegant Phrafes in the Tufcan and Latin Languages,” 
printed in his eleventh year; it was fuppofed, however, 
that the father’s affiftance in this compilation contributed 
to the fon’s reputation. Other juvenile works at dif¬ 
ferent periods marked his advance in claflical literature; 
and lie foon became his father’s affiftant in his labours, 
botli learned and typographical. He has already been 
mentioned as the conductor of the printing-bufmefs at 
Venice. He married in 1572 a lady of the Giunti family, 
fo well known in the annals of typography ; and, on the 
death of his father in 1574, all the concerns of the Aldine 
prefs devolved upon him. He feems, however, to have 
been lefs calculated for the bufinefs of a printer than for 
the profeffion of an author; in which latter capacity, his 
reputation for various erudition and elegant tafte became 
exceedingly high. He was appointed in 1577 profeflbr of 
belles lettres in the fchool of the Venetian chancery, in 
which young men defigned for public employments are 
educated. This office he held till 1585, when he accept¬ 
ed the chair of rhetoric at Bologna, vacant by the death 
of Charles Sigonius. His life of Cofmode’ Medici, pub- 
lilhed in the feme year, was fo acceptable to the great 
duke Francis, that he received an invitation from that 
prince to the chair of polite literature at Pife in 1587, the 
conditions of which were too advantageous to be refufed, 
although he was at the feme time invited to Rome to the 
profeftbrfhip which had lately been held by Muretus. 
During his ftay at Pife he received the degree of doctor 
of laws, and was admitted a member of the Florentine 
academy, on which occafion he pronounced an eloquent 
oration On the Nature of Poetry. He vifited Lucca in 
order to obtain materials for a Hiltory of Caftruccio Caf- 
tracani, which he afterwards publifhed, and which is much 
praifed by De Thou. The Roman profefforfliip being 
kept open for him, he removed thither in 1588; and he 
was much favoured by Sixtus V. who alhgned him an 
apartment in the Vatican, and a tabie at the pope’s ex- 
penfe. Clement VIII. conferred upon him the additional 
employment of fuperintendant of the Vatican prefs. His 
occupations, together with a propenfity to convivial in¬ 
dulgences, prevented ham from making atly considerable 
literary exertions after this period ; and his life came to 
a premature clofe in his fifty-firft year, in October 1597. 
He left no polterity 3 and with him terminated the glory 
of the Aldine prefs. His library, confifting of 80,000 vo¬ 
lumes, collected by himfelf and iiis predeceliors, was fold 
piece-meal to pay his debts. 
Aldus the Younger was the author of many perform¬ 
ances befides thole already mentioned ; and is reckoned to 
have had larger views of literature and a more compre- 
heniive genius than his father and grandfather, but with 
lefs elegance and depth of erudition ; nor was his dili¬ 
gence and accuracy as a printer equal to tlieir’s. The 
moft celebrated of his works was his ten volumes of Com¬ 
mentaries on all the Works of Ciceic, in which, however, 
were fome of liis father’s. His Familiar Letters, pub¬ 
lifhed in 159a, were much applauded for purity 0 1 fen.-, 
guage. Monthly Mag. 
i. 
MAN'WAS; 
