SS<2 MAR 
that were (lain in the battle was honoured by Illuftrious 
monuments erebled to them in the place where the battle 
was fought; upon which their own names, and that of 
their tribes, were recorded. Miltiades’s was afterwards 
erefted in the fame place 5 befides which, in a picture of 
the battle, drawn by order of the Athenians, he was re- 
prefented at the head of the ten commanders, exhorting 
the foldiers, and fetting them an example of their duty. 
This pifture was painted gratis by the celebrated Polyg- 
notus, of the ille of Thafos, one of the fir ft painters of 
his time ; and it was preferved at Athens in a gallery, 
adorned and enriched with different paintings, excellent 
in their kind, and done by the greatefl inafters. 
Paufanias examined the field of'battle about 600 years 
after this event. His account of it is as follows: “ The 
barrow of the Athenians is in the plain, and on it-tirte 
pillars containing the names of the dead under thole of 
the tribes to which they belonged ; and there is another 
for the Platseans and flaves ; and a diftinft monument of 
Miltiades the commander, who furvived this exploit. 
There may be perceived nightly the neighing of horfbs 
and the clafhing of arms. No perfon has derived any 
good from waiting on purpofe to behold the fpettres; but 
their anger does not fall on any one who happens to fefe 
them without defign. The Marathonians Worflup thofe 
who were (lain in the battle, ftyling them herdes. A trophy 
olfo of White marble has beeh erected. The Athenians 
fay the Medes were buried, religion requiring that the 
corpfe of a man be covered W ith earth ; though I wa ! s 
not able to find any place of fepulture, for 'there is nb 
barrow or other fign vifible; but they threw them pro- 
mifcuoufly into a pit. Above the lake are the marble 
mangers of the horfes of Artaphernes, with marks of b 
tent on the rocks.” Many centuries have elapfed finCe 
the age of Paufanias ; but the principal barrow, it is likely 
that of the gallant Athenians, ftill towers "above the level 
of the plain. It is of light fine earth, and ha's a burti or 
-two growing on it. Dr. Chandler informs us, that he 
enjoyed a pleafmg and fatisfattbry view from the fuinmit; 
and looked, but in vain, for the pillars on which the names 
were recorded, lamenting that fhch memorials fhould ever 
be removed. At a ffnall diftance northward is‘a fquare 
bafefnent of white marble, perhaps part of the trophy. 
A Greek church has flood hbar it; and fonve flohes and 
rubbifii, difpofed fo as to form an open place of Woffliip, 
remain. 
Marathon, once fo famous, is how an inconfiderable 
village of European Turkey, in Livadia, confifling Only 
of a few houfes, but retaining its ancient name. The 
fpot where the Athenians Were buried is fituated near a 
lake, from which a river runs into the bay of Negroponte. 
It is nine miles north-nortli-eaft of Athens. 
MAR'ATHUS, in ancient geography, a large and rich 
town of Phoenicia, fituated between Bataneaand Carnaea, 
according to Strabo. This town obtained liberty from 
one of the fucceflors of Alexander, with the privilege of 
being governed by its own laws. A war' occurring be¬ 
tween this city and that of Arad, the inhabitants of the 
latter place took it, razed it, and divided its territory 
among themfelves. 
MARATHU'SA, in ancient geography, a town in the 
interior of the ifle of Crete.—Alfo, an ifland of Afia, 
upon the coaft of Afia Minor, near Ephefus, according 
to Pliny ; but according to Thucydides and Steph. Byz. 
before Clazomenes. 
MARA'TIA INFERIO'RE, a town cf Naples, in Ba- 
filicata : eight miles wefl-fouth-weft of Lauria. 
MARA'TIA SUPERIO'RE, a town of Naples, in Ba- 
filicata : feven miles fouth-weft of Lauria. 
MARA'TRO CAM'PO, a tbwn of the ifland of Sa¬ 
mos: fix miles weft of Cora. 
MARAT'TAS. See Mahrattas, p. 146. 
MARAT'TI (Carlo), a painter of eminence, was 
born in 1615, at Carnerino in the Marche of Ancona. 
From his infancy he difplaycd fuch a decided inclination 
M A R 
for the art of defign, that there could be no deliberation 
concerning his future profeflion ; and at the age of eleven 
he Was fent to Rome, Where he had an uterine brother 
who prablifed painting. After receiving fome inftruc- 
tions from him, he was placed in the fchool of Andrea 
Sacchi, where he remained nineteen years, employed in 
copying the works of the greateft matters. Pie painted fo 
many Madonnas, that his cotemporaries, envious of his 
merit, gave him the name of Carluccio delle Madonnme, 
and afierted that he could paint nothing betide*. He 
fliowed, however, by a picture of Conftantihe deftroyiirg 
the Idols, in the church of St. John Lateran, and by his 
works in three chapels of St. Ifido're, that his genius was 
by no means limited to one clafs of figures.~ By thefe 
performances he attraffed the notice and patronage of pope 
AlexanderVll. and of feveral fucceeding pontiffs ; by one 
of whom, Clement XI. he was decorated with the order of 
Chrift. The fame pope remedied the irregularity of his 
morals by giving him a wife, w ith whom he palled forty 
years of his life. Carlo Maratti was an amiable man in 
private life ; mild, affable, charitable, juft to the merits of 
others, and much attached to his art. Though modeft, 
he was lively in convferfation, and quick at repartee. To 
it Roman prince, who complained of the high price of his 
works, he replied, “ that the world had incurred a great 
debt to the famous artifts his predeceffors, and that he 
was come to be paid the arrears.” He collected a num¬ 
ber of their (ketches and defigns, and afiiduoofly promoted 
the ftudy of their works. He formed him felt upon them, 
and, like BrutuS, Was called at Rome “ The la it of the 
Romans.” He was acquainted with all parts ot his art ; 
was learned in hiltory, allegory, architecture, and perfpec- 
tivfc. He is particularly diitinguilhed ior the noble airs 
of his heads, the arrangement of the hair, the fine form 
and graceful difpofition of the hands and feet. He 
wrought to a very advanced age, and taught his pupils 
when he could no longer execute. At length he became 
blind and bed-ridden; and died in 1713, in his eighty- 
ninth year. The works of this painter were highly prized 
in his life time, and have retained their value lince his 
. death. The principal of his performances are in the 
churches of Rome and other towns in Italy ; a number of 
them have been engraved by different malters. He him- 
felf etched feveral plates from Raphael, Annibal Caracci, 
and Others. D'Argenville. Pilkington. 
MARAT'TIA,yi [lo named by Dr. Swartz, in com¬ 
memoration of John Francis Maratti, abbot ot Vallom- 
brofa, le&urer on botany, and luperintendant of the bo¬ 
tanic garden, at Rome. He publilhed three (mall Latin 
trafls in that city: 1. A Defcription of the Flowers of 
Dorfiferus Ferns, 1760 ; which is rather a defcription of 
their fruits; for the author certainly has in ioine cafes 
miftaken the latter for the former. 2. A Definition, with 
figures, of two fuppofed new genera, entitled Romuka and 
Saturnia ; the former of Which is Ixia bulbocodium, the 
latter Alliufn Chamjemoly ; 1772. 3. On the Zoophytes 
and Lithophytes of the Mediterranean; of which, confi- 
dere’d as plants, he treats fyftematically, in the Linnaean 
ftyle, with fynonyms. All thefe trabts are of rare occu¬ 
rence in England.] In botany, a genus of the clafs cryp- 
togamia, order Alices, natural order of Alices, or ferns.— 
EJJential Ckarader. Gapfules oval, gaping longitudinally 
at top, with feven cells on each fide. 
Species. 1. Marattia alata, or wing-ftalked marattia: 
rachifes fcaly, the partial ones winged ; leaflets fharply 
ferrate. Frond bipinnate, with the pinnas generally op- 
pofite. Rachis almolt four-cornered ; feales (battered, li¬ 
near, acute, membranaceous, dufky. Partial rachifes 
with more frequent feales; wings narrow, the fame fub- 
ftance with the leaflets, but veinlefs and quite entire, 
contracted and evanefeent at the infertion ot the leaflets. 
Pinnules generally oppofite, fertile, ovate-lanceolate, 
acutely ferrate, efpecially towards the top, veined, the 
veinlets almoft always bifid near the origin, ending in the 
tips of the fenations, fofiietiines, like the central nerve, 
* minutely 
