34 4 
MAR 
of four cells. Native of Italy,- France, Swifferland, and 
Scotland. This is much larger than the laft. Fronds two 
inches or more in length, various in breadth, fmooth ; 
ftalks two inches high. 
8. Marchan’ia conica, or common liver-green : calyx 
of the female flowers ovate, pointed, with five marginal 
notches; male flowers in feflile warts. Common in damp 
t'hady places in Britain, Norway, Denmark, (particularly 
about Frederickfhall,) and other parts of Europe ; but the 
female fructification is rare. The fronds are broad, reti¬ 
culated, bluntly lobed, highly aromatic and fragrant, giv¬ 
ing their perfume to the air, efpecially after rain, like 
mafiy Jungermanniae. Stalks from clefts between the 
lobes, three or four inches high, white and tender. Ca¬ 
lyx conical, with four fmall marginal lobes. Capfulesand 
feeds black. The male flowers are fitting; in every other 
refpeft they fo exactly referable thofe of M. polymorpha, 
as to render any further defcription of them unnecefl'ary. 
But the female flowers have a Angular ftrufture in refpeCt 
to the piflils ; at the time the (lumens attain perfection, 
the conical affeinblage of female flowers difplays within 
their proper membranes, as many pointed ftyles as there 
are germens. On account of their tender ftruilure, it is 
very difficult to examine them ; but, when nicely diifeffed, 
the ftyle appears to proceed from the bafe of the germen, 
and to bend upwards towards its point. The capfule is 
furnifhed with a veil, which does not fall off, but burfts 
by the expanfion of the capfule, which at length, when 
quite ripe, opens with four valves, which roll back. 
This fpecies is fhown at fig. 6. A di(k of male florets 
cut down perpendicularly, at fig. 7. Six female flowers 
taken from the common fruit-ltalk, with the. fix ftyles 
bent back, aaaaaa, fig. 8. A ripe capfule opened by 
the rolling back of the valves h, (flowing the feeds fixed 
to the elaftic. cords i, fig. 9. 
MARCHAU'X, a town of France, in the department 
of the Doubs, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrict 
of Befangon. The place contains 382, and the canton 
88g a, inhabitants, in thirty-eight communes. 
MA'RCHBURG. See Marburg, p. 336. • 
MA'RCHE (La), before the revolution, a province of 
France, about fifty-five miles in length, and twenty in 
breadth. The land in general is not fertile, but feeds a 
great number of cattle. It now principally conftitutes 
the department of the Creufe, and part of the department 
of the Vienne. 
MA'RCHE (La), a town of France and principal place 
of a diftrift, in the department of the Vofges, fituated near 
the fource of the Mouzon : twenty-fix miles weft-fouth- 
vveft of Epinal, and twenty-feven weft-north-weft of 
Luxeuil. Lat. 48.4. N. Ion. 5. 22. E. 
MA'RCHE (La), a fmall territory of Swilferland, in 
the canton of Schweitz, fituated to the fouth of the lake 
of Zurich. 
MA'RCHE (Olivier de la), fon of a gentleman of Bur¬ 
gundy, entered, in early life, into the fervice of Philip 
the Good, duke of Burgundy, by whom he was highly 
valued. After this, Charles the Bold raifed him to the 
polts of mafter of the houfehold and captain of his guards, 
and knighted him at the battle of Montlheri, in 1465. 
He was with that prince at the fatal battle of Nancy, and 
was made prifoner. We find him next, firft mafter of 
the houfehold to Maximilian of Austria, and afterwards 
to his fon the archduke Philip, by whom he was fent on an 
embaffy to the court of France after the death of Louis XI. 
He died at Bruffels in 1501, leaving behind him, 1. Me¬ 
moirs or Chronicles, relating to the two dukes of Bur¬ 
gundy; publifhed at Lyons in 1562, and again at Bruf¬ 
fels in 1616. 2. Le Parement et le Triomphe des Dames 
d’Honneur. 3. Traite fur les Duels et Gages de Bat- 
taille; and fome other pieces. Moreri. 
MA'RCHE, or Ma'rche en Fame'ne, a town of France, 
in the department of the Sambre and Meufe, fituated on 
the river Marfette, in the road from Paris to Liege. The 
parifh-church, dedicated to St. Remade, is a liandfome 
M A R 
ftru&ure. It is twenty miles fouth-eaft of Namur, and 
thirty-five north-weft of Luxemburg. 
MARCHE la CA'VE, a town of France, in the de¬ 
partment of the Somme : ten miles fouth-eaft of Amiens. 
MARCHE de DOZUL'LE, a town of France, in the 
department of the Calvados : nine miles weft of Pont 
PEveque, and twelve eaft of Caen. 
MARCHE ds SCEAU'X, a town of France, in the 
department of Paris : four miles fouth of Paris. 
MAR'CHECK, or Ma'rek, a town of Auftria, on the 
Marfch, remarkable for a battle fought there in the year 
1278, in which Odoacer king of Bohemia was killed. It 
is fourteen miles north-weft of Prefburg, and twenty-four 
eaft-north-eaft of Vienna. Lat. 48. 15. N. Ion. 16.56. E. 
MARCHE'NA, a town of Spain, in the province of 
Seville, fituated on a hill, anciently called Colonia Marcia. 
In the fuburbs, is the only well in the town or neighbour¬ 
hood. It is feven miles louth of Carmona. 
MAR.CHENOI'R, a town of France, in the department 
of Loir and Cher: nine miles north-nortli-weit of Mer, 
and fifteen north of Blois. 
MAR'CHER, f. Prefident of the marches or borders. 
See Lords Marchers, vol. xiii. and the article Wales_ 
Many of our Englifh lords made war upon the Welftimen 
at their own charge 5 the lands which they gained they 
held to their own ufe; they were called lords marchers , 
and had royal liberties. Davis. 
MAR'CHES, a town of France, in the department of 
Mont Blanc: four miles weft of Montmelian. 
MARCHESEU'IL, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Cote d’Or: fix miles weft of Arney le Due. 
MARCHESIEU'X, a town of France, in the department 
of the Channel : nine miles fouth-vveft of Carentan. 
MARCHESI'NA, a town of Italy, in the department 
of the Montagna : ten miles fouth-weft of Lecco. 
MAR'CHET, or Marchet'ta, f. A pecuniary fine, 
anciently paid by the tenant to his lord, for the marriage of 
one of the tenant’s daughters. This cultom obtained, with 
l'ome difference, throughout all England and Wales, as 
alio in Scotland ; and it (till continues to obtain in lome 
places. According to the cultom of the manor of Dino- 
ver in Carmarthenlhire, every tenant, at the marriage of 
his daughter, pays ten (hillings to the lord, which, in the 
Britilh language, is called gwahr-merched, i. e. maid’s-fee. 
In Scotland and the north parts of England, the cuftom 
was, for the lord to lie the firft night with the bride of his 
tenant; but this ufage was abrogated by king Malcolm 
III. at the inltance of his queen; and, inftead thereof, a 
mark was paid by the bridegroom to the lord. 
Sir David Dalrymple, lord Hales, explains the term to 
mean, 1. A fine paid to the lord by a fokeman or villein, 
when bis unmarried daughter chanced to be debauched. 
2. A compofition or acknowledgment by the fokeman or 
villein for the lord’s permiflion to give his daughter in 
marriage to a ftranger, or perfon notJ'ubjeEl to the lord’s ju~ 
rifdiElion ; or the fine for giving her away without fuch 
permiflion. 
MARCHET'TI (Peter de), an eminent phyfician and 
furgeon, was profelfor of anatomy at Padua, his native 
place, where he continued to teach that art from 1652 
until 1669, when he was allowed to refign his chair to his 
fon Anthony. In the year 1661 he obtained the appoint¬ 
ment to the firft profefforlhip of furgery, the duties of 
which he fulfilled at the fame time with thofe of his ana¬ 
tomical chair. His merits in thefe departments of the 
profeilion obtained for him the honour of knighthood of 
the order of St. Mark. At the age of eighty years, he re¬ 
tired altogether from the univerfity ; and, after having en¬ 
joyed a (hort period of repole, he died in April 1673. He 
left the follow ing works : 1. Anatomia, 4to, Venice, 1654. 
2. Sylloge Obfervationum Medico-chirurgicarurn rario- 
rum, Padua, 1664; which was afterwards feveral times 
reprinted, and was tranllated into German. It contained 
fifty-three cafes of fome intereft,and three tra&s on ulcers, 
on fiftulsc of the urethra, and on lpina ventofa. 
3 
His 
