T\I A R 
'"fils two Tons, Dominic and Anthony, were likewife 
both profeffors in their native univerfity of Padua. The 
'•former was born at Padua in 1626, and was educated un- 
-der Veflingius and his own father. He was a very dili¬ 
gent di fleet or, and has obtained from Haller the high 
praife of being almoft the only one of his age who culti¬ 
vated human anatomy in a fuitable manner; but it is ob- 
ferved in a note in the Phil. Tran.f. abr. vol. v. that “this 
-profefl'or taught many opinions, and advanced many af- 
fertions, that are extremely erroneous.” His compen¬ 
dium of anatomy, under the title of “ Anatomia, cui Re- 
fponfiones ad Riolanum, Anatomicum Parifienfem, in ip- 
fius animadverfionibus contra Veflingium, additse, funt,” 
Padua, 1652, has palled through feveral editions, and con¬ 
tains many original and important obfervations, He died 
in 1688. Halleri Bibl. Anat. Ph. Tr. abr. v. 310. 
MARCHET'TI (Alexander), a poet and mathemati¬ 
cian, was born at Pontormo, in the Florentine territory, 
in the year 1632. Being deprived at a very early period 
of his father, he was intended for a mercantile life; but, 
it being foon difeovered that he had decidedly a literary 
turn, lie was placed with a profefl’or of the civil law. 
This proved as little adapted to his taffe as trade; and at 
length lie was fent by the kindnefs of Leopold, cardinal 
de Medici, to the univerfity at Pifa, where he purfued 
•fits favourite Itudies in belles lettres, in conjunction with 
philofophy and mathematics, in the latter of which he en¬ 
joyed the particular inftruftions of Borelli. He took a 
doctor’s degree in 1659, and became profeflor of logic in 
that univerfity, and alfo taught the elements of geometry 
to a private clafs under Borelli. In 1669 he publilhed a 
mathematical work, entitled “Refiltentia Solidorum ;” 
and in a (hort time after, another with the more general 
title “ Exercitationes Mechanicae.” By the former he 
gained a high reputation ; but the latter did not at all an¬ 
swer the expectations which he had raifed by the other. 
About the fame period he accomplifhed his tranllation of 
Lucretius, “De Rerum Natura,” into Italian blank verfe, 
which has contributed more to eftablilh his fame than all 
his other pieces. It has been faid that it furpafles almoft 
every other claffical verfion in modern language, in dig- 
siity, elegance, and clearnefs. Marchetti was defirous of 
dedicating this performance to Cofmo III. great duke of 
Tufcany ; but the piety of that prince was fo much 
fhocked by the impious doftrines of the Epicurean phi¬ 
lofophy, that he not only refufed the dedication, but pro¬ 
hibited the publication of the w'ork in his dominions ; 
and it was not printed till after the author’s death, by 
Paul Rolli, in London, in the year 1717. It has fince 
been frequently reprinted, and is allowed a place among 
ftandard works of the kind. He died in the year 1714, 
in his eighty-third year. In his youth he had tranflated 
the firft live books of the Asneid, and likewife the Odes 
qf Anacreon. He had alio compofed feveral original 
poems, efpecially of the lyric kind, which were reckoned 
to poflefs great merit. Thefe and other pieces have been 
printed in collections of Italian poetry. Marchetti had a 
very high opinion of his own talents as a mathematician 
and philofopher; but he was, at the fame time, mild and 
eal'y, and ready to do good offices to any one. He had 
been in habits of correfpondence with many literary cha¬ 
racters of diftinguilhed eminence. Gen. Biog. 
MARCHET'TO da PADO'VA, an intelligent writer 
on mufic in the thirteenth century, of whofe works there 
are two manuferipts, preferved in the Vatican library. 
The firft is entitled “ Lucidarium Artis Muficas planae,” 
and the fecond “ Pomerium Artis Mufic.ae Menfurabilis.” 
The Lucidarium is frequently mentioned by Franchinus, 
Pietro Aaron, and other old mufical writers of Italy. 
This manulcript (fays Burney) contained the molt early 
mention that we had met with of the diefis , or accidental 
lharp, of chromatic counterpoint, difeords, and the pro¬ 
portions of fuch concords and difeords as are ufed by the 
moderns in practical harmony. The examples of coun¬ 
terpoint are written upon only one ftaff of four, five, fix, 
Vol. XIV. No, 979. 
M A R S4o 
or more lines, according to the diftance of the intervals, 
with two clefs, one for the bafe, and one for the tenor 
or upper part; with this peculiarity of notation, that the 
notes of the upper part are written in red ink, and the 
lower in black. Marchetto is the firft who fpeaks of dif¬ 
eords and their refolution ; and lays it down as a rule, 
that no two fevenths, or fourths, ufed as difeords, ffiould 
fucceed each other; and that, after a difeord, the part 
which has offended the ear ffiould make it amends by be¬ 
coming a concord, while the other Hands ftiil; indeed he 
never mentions preparation of difeords. Burney's Hiji. of 
Mufic. 
MAR'CHI (Francis), a famous military engineer, who 
flourifiied in the fixteenth century, was a native of Bo¬ 
logna. He is chiefly known by a book, entitled “Della 
Architettura Militare,” which was publilhed at Brefcia, 
in 1599, in folio, with 161 figures; and is now extremely 
fcarce. It was probably a work of vaft labour, as it was 
begun in the year 1546, and was not completed till after 
the death of the author. It is faid to contain the germ 
of feveral contrivances, which have fince been adopted. 
The Italian writers maintain, that in it is to be found 
the origin of Vauban’s method of fortification ; but the 
French admit only a trifling refemblance between the two 
authors. Gen. Biog. 
MARCHIEN'NES, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the North: feven miles ealt-north-eaft of Douay, 
and nine weft-north-weft of Valenciennes. 
MARCHIEN'NES sur PGN'T, a town of France, in 
the department of the Sambre and Meafe, lately a free 
port on the Sambre, belonging to the bilhopric of Liege : 
two miles welt of Charleroy. 
MAR'CHING,/! The aft of moving in military form j 
the aft of walking in a grave and folemn manner. 
MAR'CHIONESS, f. [formed by adding the Englifli 
female termination to the Latin marchio .] A dignity in a 
female, anfwerable to that of marquis in a male, conferred 
either by creation or by marriage with a marquis.—From 
a private gentlewoman he made me a marchionefs, and from 
a marckionefs a queen, and now he intends to crown my 
innocency with the glory of martyrdom. Bacon'i Apoptk. 
—The lady marchionefs his wife, folicited very diligently 
the timely prefervation of her hufband. Clarendon. 
The king’s majefly 
Does purpofe honour to you, no lefs flowing 
Than marchionefs of Pembroke. Shahcfpcare's Henry VIII. 
MAR'CHPAN ti.,/. [majepane, Fr.] A kind of fweet 
bread, or bifcuit 1 
Along whofe ridge fuch bones are met. 
Like comfits round in marchpane fet. Sidney. 
MAR'CHTHAL, a princely abbey in the bilhopric of 
Conftance, fituated on a rock near the Danube; erefted 
into an abbey in the year 1418, and made independent in 
1757. It is thirty-fix miles weft of Auglburg, and eigh¬ 
teen fouth-weft of Ulm. 
MA’R'CHTRENCK, a town of Auftria : three miles 
north-welt of Weis. 
MAR'CIA, a woman’s name. The wife of Regulos, 
who, when Ihe heard that her hufband had been put to 
death at Carthage, retorted the punifhment, and fhut up 
fome Carthaginian prifoners in a barrel, which fhe had 
previoufly filled with fharp nails. Thefenate was obliged 
to flop her wantonnefs and cruelty.—A daughter of Phi¬ 
lip, who married Cato the cenfor. Her hufband gave her 
to his friend Hortenfius for the fake of procreating chil¬ 
dren, and after his death he took her again. 
MARCIAC', a town of France, in the department of 
the Gers: ten miles weft of Mirande, and fixteen miles 
fouth-weft of Nogaro. Lat. 43. 31. N. Ion. o. 14. E. 
MAR/CIAN, adj. Martial, warlike. Chaucer. 
MARCIA'MA, a filter of the erqperor Trajan, who, 
on account of her public and private virtues, was declare:! 
Augufta and emprefs by her brother. She died A. D. % 12 
4 T MARCTA'NA, 
