M A R 
have been fuhjeft to infinite difquiet, which however fhe 
is fiaid to have fupported with Angular fortitude. She 
wrote, i. The Mirroure of Golde for the finful Soule, 
tranflated from a French tranfiation of a book called Spe¬ 
culum aureum Peccatorum. Emprynted at London, in Flete- 
ilrete, at the figne of St. George, by Richard Pynfon, 4-to. 
with cuts on vellum, 2. Tranfiation of the fourth book 
of Dr. Gerfon’s Treatife of the Imitation and Following 
the Bleffed Life of our mod merciful Saviour (Thrift. 
Printed at the end of Dr. William Atkinfon’s Englifh 
tranfiation of the three firft books, 1504. 3. A Letter to 
the King ; in Howard’9 Collection. 4. By her fon’s or¬ 
der and authority, file alfo made “ the orders for great 
eftates of ladies and noble women, for their precedence, 
and wearing of barbes at funerals, over the chin and under 
the fame.” 
MAR'GARET, Duchefs of Newcaftle. See Caven¬ 
dish, vol. iii. p. 915. 
MAR'GARET of VALOI'S, Queen of Navarre, After 
to Francis I. king of France, was born at Angouleme in 
149Z. She was brought up at the court of Louis XII. 
married the duke of Alen$on in 1509, and became a wi¬ 
dow in 1525. When Francis was prifoner in Spain, and 
much indifpofed through the ungenerous treatment he 
met with, Margaret paid him a vifit, and reftored him to 
health by her kind offices, and by the effeCts of the free 
remonftrances which the made to Charles V. on his con¬ 
duct towards him. He therefore always regarded her 
with fraternal affeftion and gratitude; and in 1527 mar¬ 
ried her to Henry d’Albret king of Navarre, upon very 
advantageous conditions. When upon the throne of this 
fmall kingdom, fhe joined with herhufband in every effort 
to make it flourifh, by encouraging agriculture and the 
ufeful arts, improving the adminiftrntion of juftice, and 
promoting knowledge and civilization. She was herfelf 
fond of reading; and her literary curioiity had led her to 
enquire into the principles of the reformers, which were 
at that time fpreading through France and Germany, and 
which made fuch an impreflion upon her mind, that fhe 
became nearly, if not altogether, a convert. She gave pro¬ 
tection to feveral divines who were perfecuted for their 
opinions, and interceded with her brother Francis in fa¬ 
vour of the reformed in his territories. She read the Bible 
in a rude French tranfiation ; and feleCled fcenes from the 
Nevt'Teftament, which fire formed into fome of the com- 
pofitions called myfteries, partly comic, partly tragic, and 
caufed to be reprefented in her court. She even wrote a 
work in divinity, entitled “ Le Miroir de l’Ame Peche- 
reffe,” printed in 1533, which incurred the cenfure of the 
Sorbonne. She underwent fome ill-treatment from her 
hufband on account of her attachment to the new opi¬ 
nions ; and would have experienced more, had not her 
brother authoritatively interpofed. His affeClion for her 
continued, even after he had himfelf become a violent per- 
fecutor of the reformed in France ; it is true, file never 
threw off the exterior profefiion of the catholic religion, 
and became more afliduous in her compliance with Its ce¬ 
remonial as file advanced in years; it is even fuppofed 
that (lie finally returned to the faith in which file had been 
educated. A lingular anecdote is related of her; that, 
although much afraid of death, fhe once fat by the bed- 
fide of one of her bed-chamber ladies who was dying, in 
order to watch whether fhe could perceive the foul depart 
from the body in the form of a puff of wind or vapour. 
It will appear remarkable at the prefent day, that a lady 
fo much addicted to ferious and pious contemplations, 
and of unfufpedled virtue, fhould have compofed a fet of 
tales as licentious as thofe of Boccacio ; but fuch contra¬ 
dictions were net uncommon at a time when the general 
manners were grofs, and decorum was little underlfood. 
This work, by which fhe is beft known as an author, is 
entitled “ L’Heptameron, ou fept Journees de la Reyne 
de Navarre.” It was written in the gaiety of youth, and 
•was not printed till after her death ; it has been often re¬ 
printed, both feparately and with other tales of a fimilar 
M A R S5 5 
kind. Margaret died at Odes in Bigorre in 1549, leaving 
one only child, Joan d’Albret, queen of Navarre, and mo¬ 
ther of Henry IV. A colledlion of her 4 poems and other 
pieces was publifiied in 1547, by her valet-de-chambre 
John de la Haye, under the title of “ Marguerites de la 
Marguerite des Princeffes.” 
MAR'GARET (Sr.), a river of Canada, which runs 
into the Jagueray in 1 st. 48. 20. N. Ion. 69. 36. W. 
MAR'GARET’s BA'f, a porfon the fouth coaft of 
Nova Scotia, between Profpect Harbour and Mahon Bay; 
from which laft it is feparated by a promontory, on which 
is the high land of Afpotagoen.—Alfo, a bay in the Englifn 
Channel, on the ealt coaft of Kent: five miles north-north- 
eaft of Dover. 
MAR'GARET’s I'SLAND, an ifiand near the fouth 
coaft of Wales; three miles weft of Tenby. 
MAR'GARET’s I'SLANDS, iflands in the North Pa¬ 
cific Ocean, difeovered by Capt. Magee, in the (hip Mar¬ 
garet of Bofton, in his voyage from Kamtfchatka in 1780. 
Lat. 24. 40. N. Ion. 141. 12. E. 
MAR'GARET-MAR'SH, a village in Dorfetfhire; to 
the fouth-weft of Meibury, and four miles from Ewern 
Minfter. 
MAR'GARET’s VIL'LE, a town of North America, 
in Maryland : ten miles fouth-eaft of Elizabeth’s-town. 
M ARG ARICAR'PUS, J. [from ^u^yct^ov, a pearl, and - 
xtfgzro;, fruit; becaufe of its white round drupe.] In bo¬ 
tany, a genus of the clafs diandria, order monogynia, na¬ 
tural order fenticofse, (fanguiforbae, Jufif.) Generic cha- 
radters—Calyx ; perianthium fuperior, in four or five deep ' 
ovate equal fegments. Corolla: petals four or five, 
ovate, fmaller than the fegments of the calyx ; fometimes • 
wanting. Stamina: filaments' two, fometimes three, 
thread-fhaped, longer than the calyx ; antherae roundifh, 
in two deeply-divided lobes. Piftillum : germen inferior, 
ovate, compreffed ; ftyle thread-fhaped, the length of the 
ftamens ; ftigma peltate. Pericarpium : drupe roundifh, 
fomewhat flefhy, umbilicated, of one cell. Seed: nut' 
quadrangular, of one cell.— EJfcntial Charafler. Calyx in 
four or five deep fegments, fuperior; petals fmaller than 
the calyx ; ftigma peltate; drupe with one feed. 
Margaricarpus fetofus, or briftly pearl-berry; a fingle 
fpecies. It is a native of Brafil, Peru, and the dry hills of ; 
Chili. Gathered by Commerfon at Monte Video, in fandy 
ground. The ftem is ftirubby, round, fmooth, with a de¬ 
ciduous fcaly bark, and numerous fcattered leafy branches, 
clothed with the permanent, rigid, briftle-like Footftalks, 
dilated at their bale. Leaves oppofite, crowded, pinnate, 
near an inch long, of three or four pair, with an odd one, 
of equal, linear, pointed, entire, revolnte, leaflets, fmooth, 
except fome deciduous hairs at the point. Flowers axil¬ 
lary, nearly feflile, fmall. Stamens and piftil in the Anno 
flower, the former being permanent till the fruit is ripe, 
as is alfo the ftyle, which is curved, tipped with its white 
peltate ftigma. 
MARGARI'NE, fi. [pa.^yagw, Gr. pearl, from the ap¬ 
pearance of it.] In chemiltry, tiie name given by M. Che- 
vreuil to a new fubfiance obtained from thefoap made from- 
the fat of pork and potafh. Its properties and the com¬ 
binations it forms are detailed at great length in the An- 
nales de Chimie, tom. lxxxviii. We (hall infert a few of' 
the mod remarkable particulars from the tranfiation of- 
the article which appeared in the Phil. Mag. for Sept. 
1814. 
When we immerfe foap made of pork-greafe and pot¬ 
afh in a large quantity of water, one part is diflolved, 
while another is precipitated in the form of feveral bril¬ 
liant pallets, which I (hall call mother-of-pearl fubfiance; 
Eighty grammes (2I oz - or 1551 grains Englifh) dried iic 
the air were diluted in 12 litres (3 gallons pints Eng- 
lifh) of water, and expofed to a temperature ranging from 
50 0 to 6o°; they abforbed this liquid, and increafecf 
greatly in fize. At the end of ten days, the matter was 
put upon a filter; when it was drained, twenty litres of 
cold water was thrown over it, to deprive it of any fbiu- 
