MAR 
abbey, five miles diftant; but was made parochial in 
1290. It contains feveral monuments of great antiquity, 
and a handfome organ, prefented by Mr. Cobb, fenior, 
one of the mod refpeclable of the inhabitants, and a 
banker of the place. In Love-lane is a meeting-houfe for 
the Baptifts; and the followers of the late John Wefley 
have a chapel in Hawley-fquare. 
Draper’s Hofpital ftands on a fine riling ground, and 
was built in 1709, by Michael Yoakley, a quaker, who, 
having rifen to affluence by his own indultry, left this laft 
memorial of his philanthropy. Here are nine dwellings, 
one of which is appropriated for an overfeer, and the 
others for fuch poor men and women as are natives of 
the parilhes of St. John, St. Peter, Birchington, and Acol. 
They wear a particular drefs; and, as their apartments 
are kept particularly neat, parties are frequently formed 
to drink tea at fome of them, which anfwers the double 
purpofe. of charity and pleafure. In the middle of the 
pile is a meeting-houfe for the quakers, of which feft the 
generality of the penfioners are. 
There appears to have been a market kept here in the 
time of Charles I. of which a monthly return was made to 
Dover 5 but this was foon difcontinued. Well-fupplied 
markets are now held on Wednefdays and Saturdays, un¬ 
der a grant made in the year 1777 to Francis Cobb and 
John Baker, then wardens of the pier, and their fucceffors. 
Under the population-aft of 1800, the number of inha¬ 
bitants of this parilh was 4766, occupying 1115 houfes; 
whereby it appears that the population has been nearly 
doubled fince Lewis wrote his Hiftory of the Ille of Tha- 
net, in 1723. 
About a mile diftant from Margate is fituated Dande¬ 
lion, fo named from the original pofleftor, Dent de Lion, 
who came to England with William the Conqueror. There 
Bill remain four towers, and a fine antique gate-houfe, of 
the original building, compofed of alternate layers of 
brick and flint. On a fcutcheon the armorial bearing 
and name of the founder may ftill be feen. Here are a 
fine garden and bowling-green, whence there is a beauti¬ 
ful and extenfive view of Margate-roads, the fea and fhip- 
ping. Numerous curiofities have been difcovered here. 
Some years ago it was the property of the Right Hon. 
Charles James Fox: it now belongs to the heirs of Wil¬ 
liam Roberts, efq. After Margate role into repute as a 
public place, Dandelion became much frequented alfo ; 
and alcoves, Ihrubs, flowers, a bowling-green, a platform 
for dancing, an orcheftra, and other accommodations, are 
erefted- here for the entertainment of company, who often 
drink tea at this elyfian fpot; and, during the feafon, 
have a public breakfaft on Wednefdays and Saturdays, 
with dancing and other amufements, under the fuperin- 
tendance of the maker of the ceremonies. 
The views of the fea, of the Ifle of Sheppey, and of Re¬ 
culver with its ftfter-fpires, are highly delightful. The 
church of Reculver was built by the abbefs of Feverlham, 
who direfted its two lofty fpires to be called the Sifters, 
in memory of her afFeftion lor a filter, who was wrecked 
here in company with her, and died a few hours after, of 
fear and fatigue. The Sifters are a ufeful fea-mark; but 
the encroaching waves are menacing their overthrow. 
See Canterbury, vol. iii. p. 739, 40. 
Salmelfone, an ancient manfiori, which lies between 
Dandelion and Draper’s Hofpital, formerly belonged to 
Chrift-church, Canterbury. The leflee is bound to pay 
feveral charities; among others, a dilh of peafe to every 
poor perfon who claims them between May 3 and June 24; 
but this demand is now grown obfolete. 
Hengrave, Nadi Court, Garling, Shottenden, Weft- 
brooke, North Down, and various other places in the vi¬ 
cinity of Margate, deferve a vifit; and company are con¬ 
tinually palling-and re-palling between this place, Rr.rnf- 
gate, and Broadftairs. Guide to the Watering Places. 
MARGEL'LE sous LE'RY, a town of France, in 
the department of the Cote d’Or: twelve miles welt of 
is fur Tille. 
M A )R 359 
MAR'GENFELT, a town of Prulfia, in the province 
of Oberland : eleven miles fouth of Olterrod. 
MAR'GENGAW, a town of Pruffia, in the province 
of Pomerelia : fix miles north of Marienburg. 
MAR'GENT. See Margin. 
MAR'GENWALD, a town of Puflia, in the province 
of Oberland : twelve miles fouth of Olterrod. 
MARGEN'SE, a town of Pomerelia: fix miles fouth 
of Dantzick. 
MARGGRABOW'A, a town of Prulfia, in the Li¬ 
thuanian department. This town derives its name from 
the founder Margrave Albert, who built it in memory of 
the interview he had here with Sigifmund Auguftus, king 
of Poland; and the latter in 1560 built a town, which he 
called Auguftowa, on the Pol 1 fh frontiers, about thirty 
miles diftant from Marggrahpwa. It is eighty miles 
fouth-eait of Konigfberg, and fifty-feven fouth of Tilfiu 
Lat. 53. 54 N. Ion. 22. 47. E. 
MARG'GRAF (Andrew Sigifinond), a celebrated che- 
milt, was born in the year 1709 at Berlin, where his fa¬ 
ther was apothecary to the court, and aflefior of the col¬ 
lege of medicine. Thus fituated from his early years, his 
attention was naturally turned to the purfuits of chemiftry 
and pharmacy, for which he imbibed a take, which he 
afterwards cultivated with great induftry under the cele¬ 
brated profeflor Neumann, during a period of five years, 
and fubfequently under profeflor Spielmann, at Strafburg. 
I11 1733, he went to the univerfity of Halle, where he be¬ 
came a pupil of Hoffmann in the ftudy of medicine, and 
continued his chemical purfuits under the direction of 
Juncker, to which laft fcience he ultimately devoted his 
lole attention. For the purpofe. of obtaining, praftical in¬ 
formation on the fubjeft of mineralogy, he retorted to 
Freyberg, in Saxony, in 1734, where Dr. Henckel was 
then in high reputation in that department of natural his¬ 
tory; and he praSited the art of affkying under Suiinilch. 
In the following year he vilited the Hartz mines, and then 
returned to Berlin, where, by a clofe and inceftant appli¬ 
cation to chemical labours, he fo materially injured his 
health, that it was never afterwards vigorous. He pafled 
the remainder of hi? life in his native city. In 1738, h'e 
was received into the Society of Sciences, and rurnithed 
fome memoirs for the Mifcellanea Berolinenfta ; and, when 
this fociety was renovated, in 1744, as tile Royal Academy 
of Sciences and Belles Lettres, he was placed in the elafs 
of experimental philofophy, of which he was chofen di¬ 
rector in 1760. He had alfo the high gratification of be¬ 
ing entrufted with the laboratory ot the academy in 1754, 
in which he almoft lived, abiorbed in the ftudy or practice 
of his favourite art. He was, neverthelefs, a man of great 
amenity of temper and conliderable conviviality, when 
mixing in the iociety of his friends. He had been for 
fome years liable to fpafmodic-affections ; and, in 1774, 
was attacked with apoplexy, which left a paralyfis be¬ 
hind it. He continued, however, to attend the meetings 
of the academy till the autumn of 1776; after which his 
mental and bodily powers gradually declined, and lie died 
in Auguft 1782. 
Marggraf was held in confiderable eftimation as a che- 
mift throughout Europe, and had the honour of being 
defied a member of feveral learned bodies. All the writ¬ 
ings which he produced were publilhed in the Memoirs 
of the Literary Society of Berlin, before and after its re¬ 
novation ; but they have been collefted and publilhed 
both in German and French. They contain the details 
of a great number of procefles and analj fes, deferibed in 
clear and Ample language. Some of the molt important 
of his difeoveries relate to phofphorus and its acid ; to 
the reduction of zinc from calamine; to the fixed and vo¬ 
latile alkalies ; to manganefe, the Bolognian (tone, platina 
and the acid of fugar. In Ihort, he is entitled to rank 
among the more accurate experimentalifts, who contri¬ 
buted to the advancement of the fcience of chemiftry, be¬ 
fore the recent luminous improvements which it has gained. 
Gen, Biog. 
MARG'GRAFISCHj 
