M A R 
terary antagonifts; of thefe, the one mofl noted was Gaf- 
par Murtola, a Genoefe, who, jealous of Marini’s reputa¬ 
tion, and of his having been honoured with knighthood, 
attacked him- in fonnets and lampoons. Marini was not 
behind-hand in taking his revenge ; and was fo fevere in 
his “ Murtoleide,” that the enraged poet attempted to af- 
fadinate him in the ftreets of Turin s he miffed his rival, 
and wounded a favourite of the duke, who flood by his 
fide. For this aft Murtola would have been hanged, had 
not Marini interceded-with the duke for his life. After 
this, Marini's enemies gained the ad-vantage over him, and 
obtained an orders ~>r his imprifonment. Upon his libe¬ 
ration, he went to France in 1615, whither he had been 
invited by queen Margaret. Before he arrived, his pa- 
tronefs was dead ; but he met with a friend in queen Mary 
of Medicis, who fettled upon him a liberal penfion. In 
France, he publiftied his molt famous poem, the “ Adone,” 
firft printed in 1623. He returned to Rome, and was 
defied prefident of the Academy degli Umorifti. He af¬ 
terwards went to Naples, where he was favourably re¬ 
ceived by the viceroy, duke of Alva. He died in 1625, 
at the age of fifty-fix. Befides his Adone, of which there 
were many editions, he publilhed, among many other 
things, La St rage degli Innocent! 5 La Sampogli; and a 
collection of Letters. He had a lively imagination, and 
very fertile invention 5 but is not' celebrated for a good 
talte ; and many of his pieces contain licentious paffages, 
which, however, when he was near his end, he begged 
might be expunged in all future editions; but they were 
too much in the talle of the age for fuch a facrifice. Mo¬ 
re r/. Tirabofchi. 
MARI'NI, a town of Spain, in New Caftile : four 
miles'north-weft of Alarcon. . 
MARI'NO (St.), a frnall republic of Italy, near the 
coall of the Adriatic Sea, between the dominions of the 
grand duke of Tufcany and thofe of the pope; the terri¬ 
tory of which is confined to a mountain, with a fmall traft 
at the foot of it. The following is laid to be the origin 
of this fmall Rate: A matter-mafon, by name Marino, be¬ 
took -himfelf to a lonely mountain, where his aullere fioli- 
tary life gained him fuch a reputation of eminent fanftity, 
that the princefs of the country made him a grant, of the 
mountain ; whereupon a conliderable number of people 
fettling there, in time formed a particular Hate, which, 
from its devout founder, was called St. Marino. Its whole 
hittory is comp riled in two purchafes made of a neigh¬ 
bouring prince; one the caftle of Pennuenta in 1100, and 
another called Cafala, in 1170; and in the alfiftance af¬ 
forded to the pope, Pius II. about 290 years after, again ft 
Malatefia, lord of Rimini. In return for this fervice, he 
transferred to them four fmall cattles, together with the 
village of Piagge. This was the epocha of its higheft 
gr.a'ndeur; but now it is reduced to its primary limits. 
In the principal church, which, as well as that of the 
Francifcans, contains forne good pictures, the Itatue of St. 
Marino is erefted near the high altar. He holds a Moun¬ 
tain in his hand, and Is crowned with three Caftles ; em¬ 
blems which, from what has been above faid, appear fitly 
cho’fen for the arms of the republic. 
The whole territory of the republic extends about thirty 
miles in circumference. It is of an irregular oval form, 
a)id its mean diameter may be ellimated at fix Englilh 
miles. The foil, naturally craggy and barren, and hardly 
fit for goats, yet'actually maintains (fuch are the attrac¬ 
tions of liberty) upwards of leven thoufartd perfons ; and, 
being everywhere adorned by mulberry-trees, vines, and 
olives, fnpplies the materials of an advantageous trade, 
particularly in filk, with Rome, Florence, and other cities 
of Italy, 
As a politician Is 'ever recurring to his old trade, Al- 
beroni, when he was legate of Romagna, and at the age 
of feventy, endeavoured to bring this little republic, 
which confined upon his government, under the domi¬ 
nion of the pope. The cardinal had. intrigued fo luc- 
eefsftiUy with-forne. of the principal inhabitants,, that the 
M A R £07 
day was fixed on which thefe republicans were to fwear 
allegiance to the fovereign under whole proteftion they 
had put‘themfelves. On the day appointed, A 1 heroni 
rides up the mountain with his fuite, and is received at 
the door of the principal church by the priefts arid the 
principal inhabitants of the place, and conducted to his 
feat under a canopy, to’’hear high mafs and Te Damn 
fung (a ceremony ufual in all catholic countries upon 
fimilar occafions). Unluckily however for poor Albe- 
roni, the mafs began, as ufual we fuppofe in that repub¬ 
lic, with the word Libcrtas. This word had fuch an ef¬ 
fect upon the minds of the hearers, who begad then, for 
the firlt time perhaps, to recollect that they were about 
to lofe the thing itfelf, that they fell upon the cardinal 
and his attendants, drove them out of the church, and 
made them defeend the very fteep mountain of San Ma¬ 
rino with more rapidity than that with which they had 
afeended it; and the popes have ever fince that time left 
the inhabitants to their old form of government. This 
lingular event took place in the year 1740. A bon-mot 
of Benedict XIV. on the oc-calion was current in every 
mouth: *■' Alberoni is like a glutton, who, after having 
eaten a large falmon, cannot help calling a willful eye at 
a ininnow.” 
The government of this Hate confifts of a council of 
forty, half- nobles.and half commoners. On very impor¬ 
tant occafions, an arcn'go, or great council, is convened, 
to which every family has the privilege of deputing a re- 
prefentative. The principal officers are a military tribune 3. 
two confuls, who are changed every half-year; a chief 
judge, who is a foreigner, andl who tries civil and crimi¬ 
nal caufes 1 and a treafurer. 
In extent of territory, St. Marino, inconfiderable as it 
fee ms, equals many republics that have performed mighty 
. achievements and purchafed immortal renown. The in¬ 
dependent Hates of. Th-efpice and Plataea. were refpectiveiy 
lefs extenlive ; and. the boundaries of the modern repub¬ 
lic exceed thofe of PEgina and Megara ; the former of 
which was dittinguifhed by its commerce and its colonies 
in Egypt and the Eall; and the latter, as Lyfias and Xe¬ 
nophon inform us, could bring into the field, befides pro¬ 
portional bodies of light troops, 3000 hardy pikemen,, 
who with the fervice of Mars united that of Ceres and of 
Bacc.hus ; extrafling from bleak hills and rugged moun¬ 
tains rich harvelts and teeming vintages. Seward's Anec¬ 
dotes, vol. it. 
MARI'NO (St.) d town and capital of the above re¬ 
public. It is well fortified, with only one avenue to it - 
and contains ten pari'lies, ten churches, three convents* 
and three caftles: fixty miles fouth-ealt of Bologna, and*. 
125 north of Rome. Lat. 42. 56, N. Ion. 12. 24. E. 
MARI'NO (St.) a town of Naples, in Bafilicata: nine 
miles fouth of Turfi. 
M ARINO'NI (John James), a celebrated mathematician 
and aftronomer, was born in 1676 at Udina in the Frioul. 
He made fuch a rapid progrefs in his education, that at 
the age of feventeen he had finifhed his cosrfe of philo- 
fophy; and, having afterwards conceived a decided tafte 
for the mathematics, he applied to that branch of ftudy 
with fuch affuluity, and inccels, as to oufltrip all his f e i. 
low-ftudents. In 1696, he repaired to the university oft 
Vienna, and two years after he obtained the decree of 
d oft or in philofophy. His reputation being now e fta- 
blilhed, his acquaintance was courted by many psrious 
of diitinftion, lome of whom were defirons to be mltrufted 
by him in the mathematical' fc iences; and he gave ib 
<much' fatisfaclion in-the quality of tutor, that the empe¬ 
ror Leopold, in conlequtnce of his merit, appointed him 
mathematician to the court. In this.capacity he traced 
outlines of circumvaljatioii round the fuburbs -of Vienna 
confiding of a fols and rampart ; the principal object of 
which was to prevent the incurlion of rebels, and to p iC 
a Hop to the practice of Imuggling, which at th it urn- 
prevailed. Alter the death ot Leopold, he was taken lH ” 
der the proteft.iou of his luecdlbr; .and, by his orders, \n. 
lyodj. 
