MAR 
can be carried to diftartt markets almoft without roads, and 
at a comparatively trifling expenfe. Were the markets 
for the fale of cattle in the north of Scotland and in Wales 
as well regulated as in other parts of this kingdom, the 
molt beneficial confequences would enfue, as, except in 
thefe diltrifts, fcarcely any improvement can be fuggefled. 
The dealers in cattle redding in the various diftrifts of 
Scotland, except thofe in the fouth and fouth-weft, gene¬ 
rally move their cattle fouthward at two feafons, Auguft 
and October ; at which periods, w hat may be called the 
two great national markets for the fale of black cattle are 
held "at Falkirk in Stirlingfhire. There it is not uncom¬ 
mon to fee 30 or 40,000 black cattle exhibited for fale in 
one day ; thefe being either purchafed by dealers from 
England, or by fome of the principal people in that line 
in Scotland, and thence driven forward to markets in the 
former part of the country. Probably nineteen out of 
twenty of the Scotch cattle enter this country by the way 
of Carlifle; and matters are fo contrived, that there are 
cattle-fairs, one fucceeding another at proper intervals, 
during the whole courfe of the journey from the la ft place 
to the fouthern parts of Surry. From Carlifle to the 
fouthern parts of Yorkfhire, the droves are conducted 
along the fame line of road. They are then branched off 
from the great London road in different directions; fome 
o-oing through the eaftern parts of the country towards 
Norfolk, Suffolk, and Effex ; and the remainder through 
the wcltern part of Nottinghamfhire, Leicelterfliire, North- 
amptonfhire, Buckinghamfhire, &c. and f'uch as are not 
fold in thefe didriCts are lent to Barnet in Middlefex, as 
a centre, and are there expofed to fale. When any of 
them remain unfold after Barnet fair, they are fent for¬ 
ward to markets in Surry, Dorlet, &c. which alfo fucceed 
each other in the fame manner. “ From this arrangement, 
were the farmers in the remote diftricis to receive ready 
money for their cattle when fold, it is prefumable, that, 
from the competition which generally takes place among 
the dealers at the provincial fairs, they would receive a 
fair adequate price, confidering the rifk of lamenefs or 
death, bad fales, and the great expenfe attending driving 
cattle to fuch dittant markets." 
In the Agricultural Report of the Weft Riding of York- 
Jhire, it is obferved, that a “ very confiderable corn-market 
is held at Knaretborough in that county, where dealers 
from the weftern parts of the riding attend, and purchafe 
grain from the fanners in that neighbourhood ; a great 
part of which is re-fold at Skiptonmarket, in Craven, and 
carried If ill farther weltward, where corn is fcarce, and 
gives employment to a number of people who are con¬ 
cerned in this traffic. It is under circumftances of this 
kind that public markets for grain can be confidered as 
advantageous to the growers or purchafers of corn. The 
firft cannot get his commodity difpofed of at home, hence 
willingly goes a fiage to meet his merchant; and the latter, 
being fure to meet with a fupply, attends upon market- 
day, with his horfes and carts, for conveying it to the 
place 'vhere he is to ufe it, or difpofe of it again. By 
this ir ,/de no time is loft, no unneceffary labour incurred ; 
whereas, were all the grain in the kingdom to be fold in 
the public market, as fome wild imaginations recently pro- 
pofed.a great walte of both rnuft neceffarily happen. Let 
us juft fuppofe, that fuch a law had been pafied, and that 
the grain fold at Knarefborough was not to be driven to 
the weft bounds of the riding, but that it was wholly to 
be confumed in the neighbourhood of that place; fay 
where would be the advantage ariling from letting down 
the facks in the market ? It might happen that a baker 
or maltlter purchafed the very wheat or barley which was 
grown by his next-door neighbour, but which, in confe- 
quence of fuch miftaken law, could not be fold without 
being fir ft offered to fale in this public manner. Would 
not the trouble of driving it to market by the farmer, and 
of driving it back again by the baker or maltfter, be juft 
fo much loft labour to them, without affording the fmalleft 
advantage, nay, rather occafioning a pofitive lofs to the 
K E T. S7j 
public con Turner., upon whom every expenfe of this kind 
mult neceffarily fall in the end ?” And Mr. Donaldfon 
very juftly concludes on the fubjefit of grain, from what 
has happened in the fcarcities of this article in France 
during the adminiftration of M. Neckar, and more re¬ 
cently in this country, that, “ while every perfon mult 
agree, that the regulation of the public markets of the 
country falls naturally and properly under the direftion 
of the legillature, it is believed there are none who fup¬ 
pofe that, during an impending fcarcity in this ifland, ic 
is either a prudent meafure, or one likely to alleviate the 
evil, that the fervants of the crown lliould become the 
national importers. The unfettered fpecuiations of the 
merchant are the only refource to be depended upon, un¬ 
der fuch circumftances, for an abundant fupply of the 
markets. 
In the Rural Economy of the Midland DifriEl, it is 
ftated, “ that markets ought to be adapted to the mutual 
advantage of the producers and conlumers at large, but 
particularly to thofe of the peculiar town or neighbour¬ 
hood. And, therefore, that hucksters may be injurious 
to fuch markets, both by being too freely admitted, as 
well as by being wholly excluded, as mere market-towns 
moitly depend for their fupplies upon the market-day,, 
when, in a time of fcarcity, fuch dealers may in a very 
fhort time clear the market, and leave the inhabitants def- 
titute of the week’s provilions; while, on the contrary, 
when totally precluded from even purchafing the furplus,. 
the market itfelf, as well as the inhabitants, muff be in¬ 
jured, as the producer will, of courfe, endeavour to find 
another market where he can fell his produce with cer¬ 
tainty, without the rilk of having it to bring home again, 
or difpofing of it at under-price to the monopolizers of 
the town^; in confequence of which, the market becomes 
indifferently fupplied, and the articles of inferior quality 
and more expenfive.” It would, therefore, it is fuppofed, 
be a regulation of great utility, as has been found in ac¬ 
tual practice in this diftrift, for the market to open at a 
ftated time, and to permit no huckfterto become a buyer 
till an hour afterwards ; as by fuch means the inhabitants 
are certain of a fupply, without the market fuftaining any 
injury. And Mr. Middleton liates, in his Report of the 
State of Agriculture in the County of Middlefex, that, “ in 
regard to the markets, there are in the country part of the 
diltrift nine weekly ones held, namely, at Barnet, on Mon¬ 
day morning; at Brentford, on Tuefday ; at Southall and 
Finchley, on Wednefday ; at Uxbridge, Hounflow, and 
Edgware, on Thurfday ; at Staines, on Friday ; and at 
Enfield, on Saturday. That at Uxbridge-market a great 
deal of corn is fold, and there is a large public granary 
over the market-place, for the purpofe of depoliting it 
from one week to another. And at Hounflow-market 
there is a confiderable fhow of fat cattle; filth of which as 
are not difpofed of there are fent on to Smithfield-market, 
in the city of London, which is famous for the fale of 
bullocks, fheep, lambs, calves, and hogs, every Monday 
and Friday. On the latter day there is alfo a market for 
ordinary horfes.” See the article London, vol. xiii. 
p. 493. 
To MAR'KET, v. n. To deal at a market ; to buy or 
fell ; to make bargains. 
MAR'KET, adj. Belonging to a market; having a 
market. 
MARKET-BELL', f The bell to give notice that 
trade may begin in the market.—Enter, go in, the market- 
bell is rung. Shakefpeare. 
MARKET BOo'WORTH. See Bosworth, vol. iii. 
p. 233. 
MAR'KET-CROSS, f. A crofs fet up where the mar¬ 
ket is held : 
Thefe things you have articulated, 
Proclaim’d at market-crojjcs, read in churches. 
To face the garment of rebellion 
With fome tine colour. Shakefpeare'$ Henry IV, 
MARKET- 
