404 MAR 
foever the workman may conduit it, without fuch a pre¬ 
caution, would be apt to raife fplinters, to the ruin of the 
beauty of the work. 
When the work is to confift of one (ingle kind of wood, 
or of tortoife-ffiell, on a copper or tin ground, or vice 
vcrja, they only form two leaves on one another, i. e. a 
leaf of metal, and a leaf of wood or (laell ; this they call 
/awing in counter.parts ; for, by filling the vacuities of one 
of the leaves by the pieces coming out of the other, the 
metal may (erve as a ground to the wood, and the wood 
to the metal. All the pieces, thus formed with the faw, 
are marked, to know them again; and, the fnadow being 
given in the manner already mentioned, they veneer or 
fallen each in its place on the common ground ; u'ing 
for that purpofe the belt Englilli glue. The whole is 
then put in a prefs to dry, planed over, and polilhed with 
the Ikin of the lea-dog, wax, and (liave-grafs, as in fimple 
veneering; with this difference, however, that in mar¬ 
quetry, the fine branch.es, and feveral of the molt delicate 
parts of the figures, are touched up, and finilhed with a 
graver. Cabinet-makers, joiners, and toy-meri, are the 
perfons among us who work in marquetry, though the 
word is not employed, inlaying and veneering being uled 
inftead of it. Chambers's Cyclopedia. 
MARQUIA'AS, J. in botany. See Passiflora. 
MARQUION', a town of France, in the department 
of the Straits of Calais, and chief place of a canton, in 
the dillrift of Arras. The place contains ) 5 o 8 , and the 
canton 14,293, inhabitants. 
MAR'QUIS, or Marquess,/ - . [ marquis , Fr. marchio, 
Lat. margrave, Ger.] In England one of the fecond order 
of nobility, next in rank to a duke.—None may wear er¬ 
mine but princes ; and there is a certain number of ranks 
allowed to dukes, marquiffes, and earls, which they mull 
not exceed. Peacham on Drawing. —The fir ft marque/s was 
John de Beaufort, (on of John ol Gaunt, whom Richard II. 
(in the 21 ft year of his reign) made marquefs of Dorfet. 
Spelman. —A marcliionefs.—The firft and kill woman that 
was created a marquefs was the lady Ann Bolein. Spelman. 
You (hall have 
Two noble partners with you: the old duchefs 
Of Norfolk, and the lady marquefs Dorfet. Shake/peare. 
The word, according to fome authors, comes from the 
Marcomanni, an ancient people who inhabited the marches 
of Brandenburgh. Others derive it from the German 
marcke, limit; and others from marcifia, which, in the 
Celtic language, fignified a wing of cavalry. Nicod de¬ 
rives it from the corrupt Greek vopu^ia,, a province. 
Aleiaf and Pauchet bring it from marc, a horfe, taking a 
marquis to be properly an officer of horfe. Menage de¬ 
rives it from marca, frontier; and Selden, Krantzius, and 
Hottoman, do the fame. Lalfly, Pafquier fetches mar¬ 
quis from the old French viarche ; or from marchir, to 
confine ; the guard of the frontiers being committed to 
them. Marquifes were anciently governors of frontier 
cities or provinces, called marches. Such as, in particu¬ 
lar, were the marches of Wales and Scotland, while each 
continued to be an enemy’s country. See the article 
Heraldry, vol. ix. p.480. 
'The following explanation is from the Monthly Maga¬ 
zine : “ The diftance to which it is convenient and ufual 
to fend tire fame horfes with a mail-coach, or a poft-chaife, 
is called a/age ; and, with our prelent roads and breeds 
of cattle, may be eftimated at about fifteen miles. In the 
feudal times, a ftage was called a march, which word, fays 
Spelman, derives from a Teutonic etymon, lignifying 
horje ; whence alfo the Icelandilh mar, a horfe, and the 
Englilli mare. If mellages, provilions, forage, or ammu¬ 
nition, were to be conveyed for the fovereign through a 
given diftrifl, the lords of cattles along the road under¬ 
took the duty in facceffion; each employed his own vaf- 
'(als and cattle to an agreed diftance in every direction : 
the line circumfcribing thefe ltopping-places formed the 
boundary of his march , which may commonly have in- 
MAR 
eluded a diftrifl of thirty miles diameter. Wherever the 
conquefts of the Goths extended, a diftribution of the 
country into marches, and certain connefled military re¬ 
gulations, were introduced ; and the lord of a march was 
denominated, in the Latinity of the middle ages, marchifius. 
From this word derives the Italian marche/e, the French 
marquis, and the Engliffi marquis. We know not why 
fome prefer the fpelling marquefs, which has a feminine 
termination, and, in tlie cafe ot Anne Bolein, feems to 
have been conlidered as a feminine term. In the Teuto¬ 
nic, the lord of a march is called mark-graf, whence the 
ftill-fubfifting title margrave-, and, in the Anglo-Saxon, 
meare gerefa. This word gerefa has, in modern Englilli, 
been abbreviated into reve, thus a land-reve, the reve's tale, 
and from fnre-gereve, fiire-reve, and now fieri// ; fo that 
marck-rcve would be the proper defignation of a marchifius, 
or margrave.” 
Some fay that marquis is originally a French title. The 
Romans were certainly unacquainted with it. In the 
Notitia Imperii, they were called comitates limitanei. The 
firft time we hear of marquifes, marchiones, is under Charle¬ 
magne, who created governors in Gafcony under this de¬ 
nomination. Alciat has darted a queftion, whether a 
marquis or count ffiould have the precedence ? To decide 
it, he goes back to the ancient functions of counts ; and 
obferves, that counts, who are governors of provinces, 
are above marquifes who are only governors of frontiers; 
and that marquifes, who are governors of frontier cities, 
are above thole counts who are governors of fmall towns. 
He adds, that, in confequence of this diftimflion, the book 
of fiefs fometimes places marquifes above counts, and 
fometitnes counts above marquifes. Froillart oblerves, 
that the marquifate of Juliers was erefled into a county : 
but now-a-days, neither marquifes nor counts are any 
longer governors; and, as they are mere titles of honour, 
the counts make no fcruple of refigning the precedency; 
and, we think, with great propriety; as a count feems to 
anfwer to earl with us, which is a degree below a marquis. 
Marquis, as a title of honour among us, dates as far 
back as the year 1385; but it feems to have been after¬ 
wards laid afide, as the date of the creation of the molt 
ancient of our Englilli marquifes (Winchefter) is 1555. 
In the former year, king Richard II. created bis great fa¬ 
vourite, Robert de Vere earl of Oxford, Marquis of Dub¬ 
lin. The creation to this dignity was with nearly the 
fame ceremony as that of a duke; but they are now cre¬ 
ated by patent under the great feal, without any additional 
ceremony. His robes are of crimfon velvet, lined with 
taffeta, and have four guards of ermine on the right fide, 
and three on the left, let at equal diltances, with gold 
lace above each guard, and tied up to the left (boulder 
by a white ribbon ; his cap is of criinfon velvet, lined 
with ermine, having a gold taffel at top ; his coronet is 
of gold, and has pearls and golden Itrawberry-leaves 
mixed alternately round, of nearly equal height. (See 
Heraldry, Plate IX. fig. 8.) His general-ltyle is, “ Mod 
High and Mighty Prince;” and he is llyled by the king 
or queen, “ Our right-trufty and entirely-belovcd Coufin.’ 1 ’ 
His title is “Moll Honourable,” and his fons, by the 
courtely of England, are lly led lords, and his daughters 
ladies. 
MAR'QUIS (Cape.) See Cape, vol. iii. 
MAR'QUIS (Grand), a town of the iliand of Grenada, 
oil the ealt fide. Lat. 12. 9. N. Ion. 61. 1. W. 
MAR'QUIS I'SLANDS, a clutter of fmall iflands in 
the Florida Stream. Lat. 24. 35. N. Ion. 82. 30. W. 
MAR'QUIS of MENDO'ZA’s I'SLANDS. See Mar¬ 
quesas, p. 400. 
MAR'QUISATE, f. The feigniory of a marquis.—The 
moderation of the dukes of Savoy towards the Vaudois in 
the marquijatc ol Saluz, See. A. Sidney. 
MARQUI'SE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Straits of Calais. In 1522, it was burned by the 
Englilli. It is two polls and a half Couth of Calais, and 
one itnd three-quarters north of Boulogne. 
marr, 
