MAR 
obliged, for a (lender maintenance, to give private lec¬ 
tures. While in this ftate, the authors of the Encyclo¬ 
pedic affociated him to their extenfive labours ; and the 
articles concerning grammar, with fome others, were 
committed to him. Thefe are acknowledged to be drawn 
up with extraordinary clearnefs and precilion, and to dis¬ 
play profound erudition and truly philolophical views. 
Count Lauragais, touched with the merit of this ne¬ 
glected man of letters, comforted his declining years with 
a penfion, in the enjoyment of which he died at Paris on 
the nth of June, 1756, in his eightieth year, after having 
received the facrament. The compliment which he paid 
to the pried on this occafion has been confidered by fome 
as rather equivocal. But there is no neceffity to deprive 
religion of this triumph, or philofophy of that honour 
which conviflion and penitence mud confer on it: “The 
faith of a great genius (fays Bayle, who is entitled to 
credit on this fubjeCt) is not totally extinguifhed : it is 
like a fpark under the alhes. Reflection and the profpeCl 
of danger call forth its exertions. There are certain fitu- 
ationS in which philofophers are as full of anxiety and 
Eemorfe as other men.” 
The principal works of Du ^rlarfais are, x. Expofition 
de la DoCtrine de l’Eglife Galh.cane par rapport aux Pre¬ 
tentions de la Cour de Rome 5 not printed till after the au¬ 
thor’s death. 2. Expofition d’une Methode raifonnee pour 
apprendre la Langue Latine, izmo. 1722; much praifed by 
d’Alembert for its philofophical plan. 3. Traite des Tropes, 
1730 ; accounted a maflerpiece of jud reafoning, clearnefs, 
and precifion. 4. Logique, ou Reflexions fur les Opera¬ 
tions de I’Efprit; a compendium of everything important 
in metaphyfics and the art of reafoning. His Encyclo¬ 
pedic articles were printed feparately in two parts ,21110, 
1762. He compofed an anfwer to father Baltus’s criti- 
cifm on Fontenelle’s Hid. of Oracles, of w hich only fome 
imperfeCt fragments were found among his papers. 
MARSAL', a town of France, in the department of 
the Meurte : twenty-two miles ead-fouth-ead of Pont a 
Mouflon, and feventeen ead-north-ead of Nancy. Lat. 
4.8. 48. N. Ion. 6. 41. E. 
MAR'SALA, a feaport town, fituated on the wed coafl 
of the ifland of Sicily, built on the ruins of the ancient 
Lylibeum ; containing about 8000 inhabitants. It is forty- 
eight miles fouth-welt of Palermo. Lat. 37. 50. N. Ion. 
12. 27. E. 
MAR'SALA, a river of Sicily, which runs into the fea 
about a mile fouth from the town of Marfala. 
MARSAN', before the revolution, a fmall country of 
France, of which Monte de Marfan was the capital. It 
now forms part of the department of the Landes. 
MARSA'NA,/. in botany. See Murraya. 
MARSAN'NE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Drome: nine miles fouth-weft of Cred, and eight 
north-north-ead of Montelimart. 
MAR'SAQUIVER, or Marsalouiver, a feaport of 
Algiers, on the coafl of the Mediterranean, belonging to 
the Spaniards, who took it in the year 1732. It is three 
miles from Oran. 
MAR'SBERG. See Stadtberg. 
MARSCH, March, or Mark, a river which rifes in 
the fouth part of the county of Glatz, foon after enters 
Moravia, paffes by Littau, Olmutz, Kremfir, Hradifch, 
Marcheck, &c. and runs into the Danube at the bounda¬ 
ries of Aultria and Hungary. It is fix miles aboj’e Pref- 
burg, and thirty-two below Vienna. 
MARSCIA'NO, a town of the Popedom, in the Peru- 
giano : twenty-two miles fouth-fouth-wed of Perugia. 
MAR'SDEN, a townlhip of Yorklhire, in the Wed 
Riding, with 1510 inhabitants, reckoning 631 employed 
in manufactures: five miles fouth-wed of Huddersfield. 
MAR'SDEN (Great and Little), two townfliips of 
Lancalhire: three miles north of Burnley. 
MARSDE'NIA, f. [fo named by Mr. R. Brown, in 
honour of William Marjden, efq. F. R. S. late fecretary to 
the admiralty, author of the Hiftory of Sumatra.] In bo- 
MAR 4I<) 
tany, a genus of the clafs pentandrin, order digynia, na¬ 
tural order contortas, Linn, (apocynese, Jiiff. alclepiadeas, 
Brown.) Generic characters—Calyx: peiianth inferior, 
of one leaf, in five acute equal fegments, rather fmall, 
permanent. Corolla: of onepetal,pitcher-(haped,or nearly 
wheel-fhaped, in five bluntifh fegments; crown of the fla- 
mens of five comprefied funpie undivided Laves, with¬ 
out any internal teeth. Stamina : filaments five, broad, 
flat, cloven at the top; antherse felfile on the infide of 
the filament, of two feparate cells, terminated by a com¬ 
mon membrane ; mafles of pollen projected from the an- 
theras upon the fligma in pairs, ereCt, (licking by their 
bafe. Pidillum : germens two, fuperior, ovate ; flyles 
combined, very fhort ; fligma Angle, generally Ample, 
fometimes beaked, the beak either Ample or divided. Pe- 
ricarpium : follicles two, ovate-oblong, frnooth. Seeds : 
numerous, imbricated, comofe .—EJfential CharaEler. Co¬ 
rolla nearly wheel-fhaped^ five-cleft; crown of the fla- 
mecs of five comprefied undivided leaves, without teeth ; 
antherae terminated by a membrane; mafles of pollen 
ten, frnooth, ereCt; follicles fmooth ; feeds comofe. 
1. Marfdenia velutina, or foft-leaved marfdenia : flem 
twining; leaves heart-l’naped, broadly ovate, pointed, 
downy, and loft; cymes umbel-fhaped ; mouth of the 
flower naked. Gathered by Mr. Brown in the tropical 
part of New Holland. 
2. Marfdenia tinCloria, or indigo marfdenia: fietn 
twining; leaves heart-fhaped, ovate-oblong, pointed, 
nearly fmooth, glandular in their fore-part; tufts lateral; 
mouth of the flower bearded. Native of Sumatra. This 
plant is faid to afford the bed indigo in Sumatra ; and, as 
Mr. Marfden appears to be the firlt perfon who has given 
any account of it, there is the more propriety in its bear¬ 
ing his name. 
3. Marfdenia viridiflora, or green-flowered marfdenia : 
flem twining ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, fmoothifh, ob- 
tufe at the bafe; tube of the flower (lightly hairy within. 
Gathered by Mr. Brown in New Holland, within the 
tropic. 
4. Marfdenia claufa, or hairy-mouthed marfdenia : flem 
twining; leaves lanceolate, acute at each end, fmooth ; 
flightly rugofe on the upper fide; mouth of the flower 
denfely bearded. Gathered in Jamaica, by profeffor 
Swartz. 
5. Marfdenia fuaveolens, or fweet-feented marfdenia: 
Item nearly ereCt ; leaves oval-lanceolate, fmooth, vein- 
lefs ; tube of the flower fwelling ; mouth bearded. Na¬ 
tive of New South Wales, about Port Jackfon, where it 
was gathered by Mr. Brown, as well as by Dr. White. 
6. Marfdenia cinerafcens, or afli-coloured marfdenia: 
flem ereCt ; leaves ovate, bluntiih, veiny, flightly downy; 
footdalks half an inch long; corolla nearly wheel-fhaped. 
Found by Mr. Brown in the tropical part of New Hol¬ 
land. 
All the above have a Ample pointlefs fligma, and are 
confidered by the author jutt mentioned as the molt true 
and genuine Marfdenia. The two following have a beaked 
fligma. 
7. Marfdenia ereCta, or upright marfdenia: the fame 
with Cynanchum erectum ; vol. v. p. 514. Gerard had 
it in his garden, having received it, as he informs us, from 
“ his loving friend John Robin, herbarift in Paris.” It 
is marked by Aiton as a ftove-plant. Jacquin fays it re¬ 
quires the (helter of a greenhoufe at Vienna in winter, 
but flowers in the open air in June and July, though 
without bearing fruit. 
8. Marfdenia roftrata, or beaked twining marfdenia:. 
flem twining ; leaves ovate, fomewhat heart-fhaped, point¬ 
ed, fmooth ; umbels many-flowered. Limb bearded. 
Gathered by Mr. Brown in New South Wales. This fpe- 
cies is faid in his Prodromus to differ from its congeners, 
in having the mafles of pollen kidney-fhaped, and fome¬ 
what tranfverfe, flicking upon the extremity of the Itig- 
ma, at fome diftance from its glandular part. Hence ths 
name Nepkrandra, (from rspgo;, the kidney, and cmy g, a 
3 man,) 
