420 
MAR 
man,) alluding to the form of the impregnating fubftance, 
is fuggetted in that work, apparently under (ome idea of 
the plant’s poffiblv conftituting a genus by itfelf. 
MARSEILLAN', or Marcellan, a town of France, 
in the department of the Herault : four miles north-eaft 
of Agde, and eight fouth-eaft of Pezenas. 
MARSEILLE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Oife : five miles fouth of Grandvilliers, and eleven 
north-weft of Beauvais. 
MARSEILLES, a city of France, and principal place 
of a diltriCt, in the department of the mouths of the 
Rhone, fituated near the coalt of the Mediterranean. It 
is large, rich, and the moll ancient place in all this pro¬ 
vince; it is faid to have been built by the Phoceans, and 
to have exifted 500 years before the birth of Chrift. This 
ancient city was for 3 long time an independent com¬ 
mercial republic, till at length, in the progrefs of the Ro¬ 
man conquelts in Gaul, it was fubdued by their arms; 
and, under their government, it flouriftied in commerce, 
ails, and elegant literature, till its opulence and glory 
perilhed in the common ruin of the Roman empire. The 
advantages of its fituation, at the foot of a rqcky moun¬ 
tain near the fea, caufed its trade to revive, even in the 
ages of Gothic barbarifm ; neverthelefs it languifhed un¬ 
der the government of the counts of Provence. Since its 
union with the other dominions of the kings of France, 
Marfeilles has enjoyed a dittinCt municipal government 
and jurifdiCtion, under magiftrates defied by the citizens. 
The fubfidies which it formerly paid for the fupport of 
the French government were impofed by the king’s edicts, 
and amounted to nearly one-third of the whole revenue 
paid by Provence. 
Marfeilles is divided into the Old and New Town ; the 
former lies on an eminence, confifts of narrow crooked 
ftreets with mean houfes, and is inhabited chiefly by fifh- 
ermen and other poor people; the public ftreets are fpa- 
cious and extenfive, and the houfes regularly built, ele¬ 
gant, and commodious, occupied by opulent families, and 
by thriving merchants, tradefmen, and manufacturers. 
The port exhibits a noble fpeCtacle of commercial in- 
duftry ; and the quay, in its profperous ftate, was crowded 
with a bufy multitude, confiding of people of all nations 
and languages; the neighbouring territory is thickly fet 
with villas belonging to the wealthy inhabitants of the 
city ; its trade extended to various parts of the globe, and 
its manufactures were various and extenfive. Before the 
revolution, this city was the refidence of a bailiwic, and 
the fee of a bilhop; it had alfo four parifh-churches, in¬ 
cluding the cathedral, and two collegiate ones, with two 
abbies, an academy of the fine arts, an obfervatory, and 
a mintage. Its arfenal was ftored with all implements 
neceflary for fitting out the galleys; its armoury, confid¬ 
ing of four walks interfering one another, was reckoned 
the fined in the kingdom, and contained arms for 40,000 
men. In the arfenal is a dock for building the galleys, 
which, being roofed over, and communicating with the 
harbour, is of a parallelogramic form, having public and 
private buildings on the two long Tides, and on one 
of the fliorter, the other fide affording an opening into 
the Mediterranean, and being defended on each point by 
a ltrong fort. The entrance into the harbour is rendered 
difficult by a rocky cape that is contiguous ; nor has it 
depth of water fufficient for men of war. This port was 
frequented, before the revolution, by upwards of 4500 
veflels in the courfe of a year. The number of inhabi¬ 
tants is reckoned at 111,130. Lat.43. 17.43.N. Ion. 5. 
22. 12. E. 
MAR'SENA, [Heb.] A fcripture name. 
MARSH, Mars, or Mas, are derived from the Sax. 
nieppc, a fen, or fenny place. Gibfon's Cambden. 
MARSH, f. [meppc, Sax.] A fen; a bog; afwamp; 
a watery traCl of land.—Your low meadows and marfh- 
lands you need not lay up till April, except the fpring 
be very wet, and your marjhes very poachy. Mortimer's 
Hnjbandry. 
MAR 
In their courfes make that round, 
In meadows and in marjhes found. 
Of them fo called the rayry ground, 
Of which they have the keeping. Drayton. 
MARSH (Nicholas), an eminent Irifh prelate, was 
born at Hannington near Highworth in Wiltfliire, in the 
year 1638. Having laid a good foundation of grammar¬ 
learning in his native place, in 1654 he was entered of 
Magdalen-college, of Oxford, where lie took the degree of 
B. A. in 1657. In the foilowingyear he was eleCted fellow 
of Exeter-college; as a member of w'hich he proceeded 
M. A. in 1660, BD. in 1667, and D.D. in 1671. During 
thefe periods he was made chaplain to Dr. Seth Ward, bi- 
fhop of Exeter, and afterwards to the earl of Clarendon, 
lord chancellor. He was alfo appointed one of the addi¬ 
tional proCtors for the government of the univerfity, dur¬ 
ing king Charles’s refidence in 1665. In 1673, the duke 
of Ormond, chancellor of the univerfity, appointed him 
principal of St. Alban’s Hall ; which fociety flouriflied 
greatly under his excellent difcipline. In 1678, by the 
joint intereft of his friend Dr. Fell, and the duke of Or¬ 
mond, then lord-lieutenant of Ireland, the king was in¬ 
duced to nominate him to the vacant provoftfhip of Dub- 
lin-college ; where he difcharged the duties of his high 
truft with fuch fidelity and regularity, that his conduct 
has been held up as a complete pattern to all his fuccef- 
fors. He did not continue long, however, in this ufefui 
employment ; for, in 1682-3, he was promoted to the 
fees of Leighlin and Ferns; in 1690 he was tranflated 
from thofe fees to the archbiftiopric of Cafliell; from 
thence to Dublin in 1694; and, in 1702-3, from Dublin 
to Armagh. While he filled the fee of Dublin, he built 
a noble library, which he enlarged after he became pri¬ 
mate, furnifhed it with a choice collections of books ; and, 
made a handfome provifion for a librarian and fub-librarian. 
He 3]fo endowed an hofpital at Drogheda, for twelve wi¬ 
dows of decayed clergymen, to each of whom he affigned 
an apartment and twenty pounds a-year. He likewife 
repaired many dilapidated churches in the diocefe of Ar¬ 
magh, and bought in feveral impropriations, which he re- 
flored to his fee. Nor did he confine his generous bene¬ 
factions to Ireland only, but extended his bounty to the 
encouragement of the propagation of the Gofpel, and to 
other munificent and charitable inftitutions; prefenting a 
number of oriental manufcripts, chiefly purchafed out of 
Golius’s collection, to the Bodleian library at Oxford. 
After having lived many years in great honour and repu¬ 
tation, and been feven times appointed one of the lords- 
jultices of Ireland, this worthy prelate died in 1713, when 
he was within fix weeks of completing the feventy-fifth 
year of his age. Befides an intimate knowledge of the 
learned languages, and particularly the oriental, as well 
as of the facred fcriptures and eccleliaftical hiltory, he 
was alfo a proficient in mathematical learning, natural 
philofophy, and rnufic ; and in his perfonal character he 
was pious, amiable, and exemplary. He publiflied, 1. 
ManuduCtio ad Logicam, written by Philip de Trieu, 
with the addition of the Greek text of Ariffotle, fome 
tables and fchemes, and Gaffendi’s treatife De Demon- 
ftratione, with notes, 1678, 8vo. 2. Inftitutiones Logicae, 
in Ufum Juvenrutis Academicae, 1681, 8vo. 3. An in¬ 
troductory Effay to the DoCtrine of Sounds, containing 
fome Propofals for the Improvement of Acouftics, pre- 
fentedto the Royal Society in Dublin, and printed in the 
Philofophical Tran factions of the Royal Society of Lon¬ 
don for the year 1683. 4. A Charge to the Clergy of 
the Diocefe of Dublin, 1694, 4to. IVood's At/ien. Oxon. 
vol. ii. 
MARSH CA'PE, a cape on the fouth coaff: of New 
Georgia. Lat. 9.21. S. Ion. 150. 56. E. 
MARSH CINQ'UEFOIL, in botany. See Comarum. 
MARSH CREE'K, a river of North Carolina, which 
runs into the Atlantic in lat. 34. 35. N. Ion. 77. 34. W. 
MARSH EL'DER, in botany. See Viburnum. 
MARSH’S 
