42S 
M A R 
toire de Marie Stuart, 3 vols. nmo. 174-1. In this work 
he was aflifted by M. Freron ; and it is accounted elegant, 
and, in general, impartial. 3. A translation of Melville’s 
Memoirs. 4. Di&ionnaire abrege de Peinture et b’Ar- 
chiteelure, 2 vols. 12010. 5. L’Hiftoire Moderne, in¬ 
tended for a Sequel of Rollin’s Ancient Hiftory ; of this 
vroik he lived to finalfh n vols. iarao. and it was after¬ 
wards continoad to 26 vols. 6. Le Rabelais moderne, ou 
les CEuvres de Rabelais mifesa la portee de la plupart des 
Lefteurs, 8 vols. iamo. 1752. His corrections of this au¬ 
thor c.onfilt in abridging or fupprelfing fome of the ob- 
fcurer paffages, and occasionally fubftituting in the text 
more intelligible words and a more modern orthography ; 
he has been blamed for retaining the indelicacies and ob- 
fcenuies. 7 L’Anaiyfe de Bavle, 4 vols. 121110. 1754. 
Since reprinted in Holland with four additional volumes. 
This compilation gave fo much offence, that it was pro- 
fcribed by tlie parliament of Paris ; and the author was, 
for a time, imprifoned in the Baltille. The abbe de Marly 
died in 1763, whilff he was employed on the twelfth vo¬ 
lume of his Modern Hiftory. Nonv. Did. Hijl. 
MAR'SYAS, in mythology, a native of Celtenas, a 
town of Phrygia, and fon of Hyagnis, who flourifhed, 
according to the Oxford Marbles, 1506 years B. C. Mar¬ 
fyas was a famous performer on the flute, of which his 
father was faid to be the inventor. He is reprefented by 
Diodorus Siculus (lib. iii. cap. 10.) as a man commendable 
for his wifdom and temperance. Having engaged in a mu- 
fical contention with Apollo, he chofe the people of Nyfa, 
at that time the refidence of Bacchus or Oliris, forjudges. 
Apollo played at firff a Ample air upon his inftrument; 
when Mariyas, taking up his pipe, ftruck the audience fo 
much by the novelty of its tone, and the art of his per¬ 
formance, that he feerned to be heard with more pleafure 
than his rival. Having agreed upon a fecond trial of (kill, 
it is faid that the performance of Apollo, by accompany¬ 
ing the lyre with his voice, was allowed greatly to excel 
that of Marfyas upon the flute alone. MarfySs, with in¬ 
dignation, proteffed againfl the decifion of his judges, 
urging, that he had not been fairly vanquiffied according 
to the rules ftipulated, becaufe the difpute was concerning 
the excellence of their feveral inflruments, not their voices ; 
and that it was wholly unjult to employ two arts againlt 
one. Apollo denied that he had taken any unfair advan¬ 
tage of his antagonift, flnce Marfyas had employed both 
his mouth and fingers in performing upon his inftrument; 
fo that, if he was denied the ufe of his mouth, he would 
be ftill more riifqualified for the contention. The judges 
approved of Apollo’s reafoning, and ordered a third trial. 
Marfyas was again vanquifhed ; and Apollo, inflamed by 
the violence of the difpute, flead him alive for his pre- 
fumption. Paufanias relates a circumftance concerning 
this conteft, that had been omitted by Diodorus, which is, 
that Apollo accepted the challenge from Marfyas upon 
condition that the viflor Ihould ufe the vanquifhed as he 
plea fed. 
The death of Marfyas was univerfally lamented ; the 
Fauns, Satyrs, and Dryads, wept at his fate ; and from 
their ^bundant tears arofe a river of Phrygia, well known 
by the name of Marfyas. Antiquity has furniflied us with 
feveral monuments of the punilhment inflifled upon the 
unfortunate Marfyas. He may be feen in Berger, in Maf- 
fei, and in Du Choul. The Itory is likevvife well and 
fully reprefented in one of the ancient pictures dug out of 
Herculaneum. Here the vanquiffied muficinn is bound 
to a tree ; and the executioner, ftanding by with a knife in 
his hand, only waits for orders from the vidlor to flay him 
alive. Apollo is feated at a diftance, with a lyre in one 
hand and a pleflrum in the other, and a mufe by his Ade, 
preparing a garland for him in token of vidlory. A young 
man, on his knees, appears to implore his mercy ; that is 
thought to be Olympus,thefcholar of Marfyas, alking par¬ 
don for his mailer, or perhaps permiflion to give him fu¬ 
neral obfequies, which, as we learn from Hyginus, he ob¬ 
tained. And Diodorus informs us, that Apollo, foon re- 
M A R 
pentingof the cruelty with which he had treated Marfyas, 
broke the firings of the lyre, and by that means put a flop, 
for a time, to any further p.rogrefs in the practice of that 
inlirument. 
In independent cities among the ancients, the ftatue of 
Marfyas was generally eredted in the forum, to reprefenc 
the intimacy which lubfilted between Bacchus and Mar¬ 
fyas, as the emblems of liberty. It was alfo eredled at the 
entrance of the Roman forum, as a fpot where ufurers.and 
merchants reforted to tranfadl bufinel's, being principally 
intended in terrorem litigatorum ; a circumltance to which 
Horace feems to allude, 1 Sat. vi. 120. At Celasnae, the 
Ikin of Marfyas was Shown to travellers for fome time; it 
was l'ufpended in the public place in the form of a bladder 
or a foot-ball. 
The fources of the river Marfyas were near thofe of the 
Masander; and thofe two rivers had their confluence a 
little below the town of Celaenas. 
MART, f. [contradled from market'] A place of public 
traffic.—See the articles Fair and Market. —Chrift could 
not fuffer that the temple Ihould ferve fora place of marl, 
nor the apoffle of Chrill that the church Ihould be made 
an inn. Hooker. 
If any born at Ephefus 
Be feen at Syracufan marts and fairs. 
He dies. Shakejpeare. 
Bargain ; purchafe and fale ; 
I play a merchant’s part. 
And venture madly on a defperate mart. Shakefpeare. 
Letters of Mart. See Marque, p. 400. 
To MART, v. a. To traffic; to buy or fell.—Sooth, 
when I was young I would have ranfack’d the pedlar’s 
filken treafury ; you’ve let him go, and nothing marled 
with him. Shakejpeare's Winter TaU. 
Cahiiis, you yourfelf 
Do fell and mart your offices for gold 
To undefervers. Skakefpeare's Julius Cafar. 
MART-TOW'N, f. A place of trade and commerce.— 
Ezekiel, in the description of Tyre, and the exceeding 
trade that it had in all the eaft, as being the only man- 
town, recited both the people with whom they commerce, 
and alio what commodities every country yielded. Raleigh, 
MAR'TA, a town in the duchy of Cailro, on a river 
of the lame name, where it iflues from the Lake Bollena : 
eleven miles eaft of Caftro. 
MAR'TA, a river of the Popedom, which runs from 
Lake Bolfena to the Mediterranean in lat. 42. 14. N. Ion. 
11.42.,E. 
MAR'TA, or Marte'na, a town of Hindooftan, on 
the coaft of Malabar: ten miles fouth of Cochin. 
MARTABAN', a fea-port town in a province of the 
fame name, in the Birman empire. It was formerly a 
port of confiderable eminence ; but it has loft its diftin- 
guifhing importance by the plunder and devaftation of 
the Peguers and Siainefe, and by the obltruftion of the 
navigation into its harbour, occafioned by fhips that were 
funk in the river by order of the Birman Ibvereigns. Lat. 
16. 38. N. Ion. 98. 2. E. 
MARTA'GO, a town of Spain, in the province of 
Leon : ten miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Civdad Rodrigo. 
MAR'TAGON,/ in botany. See Lilium. 
MARTAI'ZE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Vienne: five miles fouth-fouth-weft of Loudun, and 
nine north-north-weft of Mirebeau. 
MARTA'NO, a town of Naples, in the province of 
Otranto : ten miles north-weft of Otranto. 
MARTAWAN', a village of Syria, and the laft ftop- 
ing-place in the road from Alexandretta to Aleppo. It is 
celebrated on account of an extraordinary practice of the 
inhabitants, who let out their wives and daughters to 
proftitution for a trifling fum. “This proftitution, held 
in abhorrence by the Arabs, feems to me (fays Volney) to 
have 
