n a r 
natural. Accordingly, Mr. E. defignates Martial as “one 
who communicates more life and more literature, more 
wifdom and more wit, than any other of the ancient poets, 
or perhaps than they all put together.” In this praife 
fome few very warm admirers may join ; but very few 
indeed will agree to call him “a warm friend of delicacy, 
and the champion of morality.” Pref. p. iv. x. 
That Martial, however, thought himfelf very moral, or 
intended to be fo, we may infer from the Epiftle dedica¬ 
tory (to Domitian) and the firft Epigram of the 8th book, 
but with which Mr. Elphinfton begins the work, making 
it the firft of the firft book, and which we fliall quote from 
his tranllation. 
“ To Domitian. —Tho’ epigrams, to the fevereft and fub- 
limeft characters, have been fo couched, that they feem 
even to have afFeCted licenfe; in no fuch wantonnefs have 
I indulged this liberal fpecies of writing. The greater 
and better part of the volume being appropriated, fir, to 
the majefty of tliy facred name ; the whole mult remember, 
that none befides the religioufiy purified ought to ap¬ 
proach hallowed habitations. Which principle that my 
readers may know the guide of my praftice, it may be 
no undue commencement of the work by a laconic epi¬ 
gram to profefs: 
In aft thy patron’s laurell’d gods to hail, 
Learn, mufe, to ope thy decent lips with aw. 
Hence, naked Venus ! we difdain thy law. 
Imperial Pallas, let thy pow’r prevail.” Elphinjlon's Martial. 
MAR'TIAL (St.), a town of New Mexico, in the pro¬ 
vince of Sonora : forty-eight miles fouth of Pitquin. 
MAR'TI ALIST,/ A warrior ; a fighter.—Many brave 
adventurous fpirits fell for love of her ; amongft others 
the high-hearted martialijl, who firft loft his hands, then 
one of his chiefeft limbs, and laftly his life. Hozoel. 
MAR'TI ALNESS, f. The ftate of being warlike. Scott, 
MARTIANA'Y (John), a learned French Benedictine 
jtnonk, of the congregation of St. Maur, was born at St. 
Sever, in the diocele of Aire, in Gafcony, in the year 
1647. Having entered into the order at Touloufe in 1668, 
he applied with great diligence to the ftudy of'the Greek 
and Hebrew languages, and to obtain a critical acquaint¬ 
ance with the facred fcriptures. On thefe he read leCtures 
in different monafteries belonging to his order, and fpent 
a conliderable part of his life in endeavouring to illuitrate 
them by his publications. He died in 1717, about the 
age of f’eventy. He was engaged jointly with father Pou- 
jet, in pubiilhing a new edition of the Works of St. Je¬ 
rome, in 5 vols. folio ; the firft of which appeared in 1693, 
and the laft in 1706. Father Martianay alfo publifhed 
the Life of St. Jerome, 1706, quarto; two learned trea¬ 
ties in the French language, of the dates 1689 and 1693, 
in which he defended the authority of the chronology of 
the Hebrew text of the Bible, in oppofition to father Per¬ 
ron, who contended for the fuperior accuracy of that of 
the Septuagint; and many works of the like kind ; and 
at the time of his death he was engaged in drawing up 
“ A Commentary on the Whole of the Sacred Scripture,” 
in which it was his defign to render it its own interpreter. 
Lupin. Moreri. 
MARTIA'NO, a town of France, in the department 
of the Tanaro : twelve miles fouth-eaft of Afti. 
MARTIA'NUS CAPEL'LA. See Capella, vol. iii. 
p. 761. 
MAR'TIC, townfhip of America, in Lancafter county, 
Pennfylvania, having 1248 inhabitants. 
MARTIGA'O, a town of Portugal, in the province of 
Beira : twenty miles fouth-weft of Viieu, and twenty-one 
north-eaft of Coimbra. 
MARTIGNA'NA, a town of France^ in the depart¬ 
ment of the Stura, near the Po : five miles weft of Sa- 
luzzo. 
MARTIGNA'NO, a town of Italy, in the Trevifan : 
feven miles north-weft of Trevigio. 
MARTIGNE', a town of France, in the department 
Von. XIV. No. 985, 
MAR 
433 
of the Ille and Vilaine : eight miles fouth-fouth-weft of 
La Guerche. 
MARTIGNE', a town of France, in the department of 
the Mayenne : feven miles north-north-eaft of Laval, and 
fix fouth of Mayenne. 
MARTIGNE' BRIAN'D, a town of France, in the 
department of the May-ne and Loire : eight miles north <>f 
Vihiers, and fifteen fouth of Angers. 
MARTIGNE' le COM'TE, a town of France, in the 
department of the Saone and Loire : fix miles north of 
Charolles, and fourteen fouth-weft of St. Gengou le Royal. 
MARTIGNY', a town of France, in the department of 
the Vofges : three miles north of La Marche, and nine 
weft of Darney. 
MARTIGNY', or Martinach, a town of the Valais, 
on the Drance. Though now fmall, Martigny was, un¬ 
der the Romans, a town of conliderable extent, by the 
name of Vicus Veragrorum, and the capital of a people 
called Veragri, who inhabited this part of the Alps. It 
was called alfo, Vicus Ododurus, and Forum Claudii. It was 
lately the feat of a Swifs governor. Near the town is a 
manufacture of glafs. It is eleven miles weft of Sion, and 
thirty-eight eaft of Geneva. 
MARTI'GUES, a town of France, in the department 
of the Mouths of the Rhone, fituated on an idand at the 
fource of a lake, to which it gives name, near the fea. It 
was anciently very Itrong. The lake is near twenty miles 
in length and twelve in breadth. It is fourteen miles 
fouth-louth-weft of Salon. 
MAR'TIN, or MART'LET,yi [ martinet , Fr.] A well- 
known domeftic bird of the fwallow-kind ; the Hirundq 
urbica.—A churchwarden, to exprefs St. Martin’s in the 
Fields, caufed to be engraved, on the communion-cup, a 
martin , a bird like a (wallow, fitting upon a mole-hill be¬ 
tween two trees. Peacham. 
This gueft of futnmer. 
The temple-haunting martlet, does approve, 
By his lov’d manfionry, that heaven’s breath 
Smells wooingly here. No jetting frieze, 
Buttrice, nor coigne of vantage, but this bird 
Hath made his pendant bed and procreant cradle. 
Where they molt breed and haunt, I have obferv’d 
The air is delicate. Shakefpeare's Masbetk, 
As in a drought the thirfty creatures cry. 
And gape upon the gather’d clouds for rain j 
Then firft the martlet meets it in the (ky, 
And with wet wings joys all the feather’d train. Dryden. 
MAR'TIN (Free), is a name given in this country to 
a cow-calf, (caff at the fame time with a bull-calf,) which 
is a kind of hermaphrodite ; that is never known to breed, 
nor to difcoverthe lead inclination for the bull; nor does 
the bull ever take the lead notice of this animal. It has 
all the external marks of a cow-calf, viz. the teats, and 
the external female parts, called by farmers the bearing, 
When thefe animals are preferved, it is not for propaga¬ 
tion, but for all the purpofes of an ox or fpayed heifer, 
viz. to yoke with the oxen, and to fatten for the table. 
They are larger than either the bull or the cow, and the 
horns grow larger, being very fimilar to the horns of an 
ox. The bellow of the free martin is like that of an ox ; 
and the meat refetnbles that of the ox or fpayed heifer; 
being generally finer than that of the bull or cow ; and is 
more Jufceptible of growing fat with good food. Mr. 
Hunter has anatomically delcribed three animals of this 
kind, in the Phil. Tranf. vol. lxix. p. 289. 
MAR'TIN (St.), was born at Sabaria in Pannonia, (at 
prefent Stain in Lower Hungary,) in the beginning of the 
fourth century. His father was a military tribune ; and 
he himfelf was obliged to carry arms, although peace and 
folitude were much more agreeable to his inclination. 
He was remarkable for every virtue, in a profeflion which 
is generally confidered to give a fanition to vice. He di¬ 
vided his coat with a naked wretch whom he met at the 
gate of Amiens 5 and it is reported, that Jefus Chrift ap- 
5 S peared 
