MAR 
2 vols. Svo. 13. Philology, and Philofophical Geogra¬ 
phy, 1759, 8vo. 14. Mathematical lnftitutions; viz. 
Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, and Fluxions, 1764, 
1 vols. 8vo. 15. Biographia Philofophica, being an Ac¬ 
count of the Lives, Writings, and Inventions, of the moft 
eminent Philofophers and Mathematicians who have flou- 
rilhed from the moft early Ages of the World, 1764, Svo. 
16. The young Gentleman and Lady’s Philofophy, 1764, 
3 vols. 8vo. 17. Mifcellaneous Correfpondence, 1761, 
4 vols. Svo. 18. Inlfitutions of Aftronomical Calcula¬ 
tions, in 3 parts, 1765, 8vo. 19. Defcription and Ufe of 
a Cafe of Mathematical Inftruments. Mr. Martin alfo 
conducted for feveral years a fcientific Magazine, which 
appears to have been given up, for want of proper encou¬ 
ragement, after 14 volumes had been completed. Gent . 
Mag. Aug. 1785. 
MAR'TIN (Claude), an officer in the Britifh military 
fervice in India, was by birth a Frenchman, of rather a 
mean defcent. He had fufficient intereft to get a good 
mathematical education at a public fchooi, and at the age 
of twenty entered into the army. His regiment wasfent 
to India with general Laliy ; and in the war of 1756 he 
behaved with great gallantry ; but, being ill-treated, he 
enlifted into the Engliffi fervice, in which he role to the 
rank of colonel. Being employed to make a map of the 
eftates of the nabob of Oiade, he recommended himfelf to 
his patronage. Martin was enabled, under the protection 
of the nabob, to open a profitable bank, and to embark in 
other commercial fpeculations, by which he gained a deal 
of wealth. At Lucknow he built a curious rnanfion in a 
ftyle of his own, in which he could enjoy all the mitdnefs 
and coolnefs of an European climate with the fervour of 
the Afiatic. He ereCted another of the fame kind on the 
banks of the Ganges, which he fortified in the European 
manner. He formed a large mufeum of natural hiftory ; 
conllruCted an immenfe garden, which he (locked with a 
prodigious variety of plants; and built an obfervatory, 
which he furnilhed with the belt aftronomical inftru- 
nsents he could obtain. He died in the year 1799, be¬ 
queathing the great wealth which he had amaffed princi¬ 
pally in charity. 
MAR'TIN (William), a writer on foffils, was born at 
Mansfield, in Nottinghamlhire, in the year 1767. His 
father was a native ot the fame town, and fettled there as 
a holier. Addicted to pleafure, he negleCted his bufmefs, 
and, being confequently unfuccefsful, deferted his wife 
and only child, when the latter was not more than a year 
and a half old. He proceeded to Ireland, illumed the 
name of Booth, and went upon the ftage, for which he 
had always evinced a ftrong inclination. After forne time, 
having quitted the ftage, he repaired to London, where 
he opened an exhibition of Polygraphic Paintings. In 
the obituary of the Gentleman’s Magazine, (vol. lxvii. 
p. 167.) he is mentioned under the name of Jofeph Booth, 
efq. is ftated to have died on the 25th of February, 1797* 
in Cumberland Gardens, Vauxhall; and is reprefented “as 
the ingenious inventor not only of the polygraphic art, 
but alio of the more important art of manufacturing cloth 
by a perfectly original procefs.” On his return to Eng¬ 
land, though repeatedly applied to by Mrs. Martin, he 
took no notice of her letters. He never faw his fon from 
the time he ablconded from Mansfield, nor did he bequeath 
a fingle (hilling to his w ife or fon, though he was fuppofed 
to die polfelfed of feveral thoufand pounds. 
William’s mother, having gained no intelligence of her 
hufband, was induced to commence aCtrefs. She had no 
better profpeCt of fupporting herfelf and her child ; and file 
conceived that, by adopting this line of life, fhe might 
have a greater chance of meeting with her hufband, or at 
leaft of obtaining fome information concerning him. She 
at firft entered into a frnall provincial company, at that 
time performing at Kibworth in Leicefterlhire. With 
this company fhe travelled during fome years, and was 
then received into a more refpeitable one. Though a 
Ufeful aCirefs, fixe did not poffefs the qualifications requi- 
T I N. 439 
fite for performing principal characters, and her income 
was confequently very limited. In this trying filiation, 
fhe conducted herfelf with the greateft propriety and pru¬ 
dence. She paid particular attention to the education of 
her fon, always taking care to fend him to the belt fchools 
which her itinerant mode of life and her ftraitened cir- 
cumftances would permit, and anxioufly endeavouring to 
prevent his forming any improper acquaintance. Mrs. M. 
having been a performer during a period of more than 
twenty-fix years, retired from the ftage in the year 1797. 
Young Martin, in his childhood, made the belt poflible 
return to his excellent mother for her unwearied care and 
attention, by manifefting a moft amiable and affectionate 
difpofition, and by fhowing a great fondnefs for learning, 
in which he made a progrefs, at lead, equal to the advan¬ 
tages he poffeffed. The neceffitous circumftances of his 
mother left her no choice as to her deftiny. She was com¬ 
pelled to make him an aCtor; and, in order to obtain a 
frnall addition to her income, found it neceffary to ulher 
him upon the ftage at a very early period of his life. 
When he was only five years old, he was frequently 
brought forward to ling upon the ftage. accompanied by 
the German flute, and was always favourably received by 
the audience. At eight years of age he was fo far im¬ 
proved, that his performance excited the furprife, and pro¬ 
cured him the applaufe of all who faw him. At nine he 
delivered a lecture on hearts fo feveral crowded audiences 
in the different rooms at Buxton. Soon afterwards he 
played the part of Trip, in the School for Scandal, at 
Denbigh, before feveral perfons of diftinCtion, who com¬ 
plimented him very highly on his promifing abilities, and 
made him many prefents, which proved a feafonable re¬ 
lief to his mother. 
About this time he began to learn the Latin language, 
-to which he applied very clofely. A.nd, in his leifure 
hours, he amufed himfelf with drawing and engraving. At 
Halifax he was introduced to the late Mr. James Bolton, 
eminently diftinguifhed as an artift and a nafuralift, by his 
works on the Britifti Ferns, Fungufes, and Song-birds. 
This happened when he was in his twelfth year. Bolton 
then kept a writing-fchool at Stannary, near Halifax; and 
young Martin had the pleafure to receive his firft leffons 
in drawing from this matter, who, by frequently entering 
into converfation with his pupil about birds, and other 
objects of natural hiftory, infpired him with a tafte and 
paffion for this fcience, which he retained to the end of 
his life. 
When Mr. Martin firft engaged in the ftudy of natural 
hiftory, his attention was principally directed, if not en¬ 
tirely confined, to the animal kingdom ; and the firft work 
which he conceived the defign of publilhing, was upon 
this branch of the fcience. As early as the year 1789, he 
made Bolton acquainted with his intention of publilhing 
a Zoological Table, on a fingle fheet, to be mounted as a 
chart, on canvas and rollers ; who advifed him to print it 
in a quarto form, and to add an explanation of terms, 
with the plates requiiite for the illuftration of thefe. This 
advice he feems to have determined upon adopting, for 
we find the following title given in one of his manufcript 
volumes; “ Zoological Tables, exhibiting, in one view, 
the claffes, orders, and genera, of the animal kingdom, 
with the dependences and leading characters, according 
to the Linnasan fyftem; with fix plates, on which are en¬ 
graved, in aquatinta, figures explanatory of the characters 
on which the orders depend.” It feems that Mr. Martin 
did not proceed to publifh the Zoological Tables, on ac¬ 
count of the appearance of the new and extended edition 
ot the Syftema Naturae, by Gmelin, about this time; the 
firft part of which was printed in the year 1788, though 
he was not apprifed of this edition till 1790. 
He had afterwards, it would appear, an intention of 
publilhing a Fauna Britannica in the Latin language, ex¬ 
tracted from Gmelin’s edition of the work mention«d 
dbove, with references to the plates of Pennant and 
Bewick, and the addition of the Englifh name and fize of 
each 
