M A It 
mtles from Uppingham. It is fuppo&d to have been once 
a confiderable town. 
MARTIN de TOURNO'N, a town of France, in the 
department of the Indre : feven miles north-welt of Le 
Blanc en Berry. 
MARTIN de TREBE'JO, a town of Spain, in the 
province of Leon : fotCy-one miles fouth of Ciudad Ro¬ 
drigo. 
MARTIN de VALLAMA'S, a town of France, in the 
department of the Ardeche : twenty one miles fouth-weft 
of Tournon. 
MARTIN VAN VEE N, a Dutch painter and engraver, 
was born at the village of Hemjkirk, in Holland, in the 
year 1498 ; and, till he was eclipfed in the public notice 
by the celebrated painter of that name, was called after 
his native village. He learned the rudiments of draw¬ 
ing from John Lucas, and of painting from John Scho- 
reel; but of the fubfequent progrefs of his ftudies, there 
are two accounts of an oppofite nature. Strutt fays, 
that “his early application was attended with little fuc- 
cefs, and his genius was clouded by an appearance of na¬ 
tural dulnefs, which feemed to preclude all hope of his 
ever attaining to any reafonable degree of perfection.” 
Huber, on the contrary, after feeing Strutt’s biography of 
this artift, fays, that he imitated the ftyle of his mailer 
Schoreel fo well, that he became jealous of the riling ta¬ 
lents of Van Veen, and expelled him from his fchool; 
from which it is clear, that, if the fcholar was not a block¬ 
head, the matter was illiberal. Van Veen, however, has 
obtained praife from Mariette, and from Girard Lairefie, 
and the eafe and accuracy of his drawing, and firmnefs 
of his contours, have been repeatedly commended. After 
quitting the fchool of Schoreel, the fame of Michael An¬ 
gelo, and the antique fculpture, attracted him to Italy, 
but, after Itudying there for fome time, he returned to 
Holland, and fettled at Haerlem, where he died in the 
year 1574. 
Neither the engravings nor paintings of Van Veen 
would now be much admired, being deficient in grace, 
expreflion, and harmony of chiarofcuro ; but among his 
contemporaries his works commanded refpeftful attention. 
Among his belt prints are Judah and Tamar, and The An¬ 
nunciation, both in 4to. Commercial Induftry, in folio; 
and The Wife and Foolilh Virgins, nearly of the fame di- 
menfions. The twelve plates of the Battles of Charles V. 
which have been attributed to him, are from the graver of 
Theodore Coornhaert, but were executed after his defigns. 
The only monogram of his that we have feen is an M with 
a Itroke drawn horizontally through it to reprefent an II; 
from which it will appear that he was fond of being called 
Martin of Hemfkirk. 
MARTIN VAS' (Iflands of), three fmall rocky ifiands, 
or according to Peroufe merely rocks, in the Atlantic 
Ocean ; the largelt about a quarter of a league in circum¬ 
ference. They are feparated from each other by fmall 
intervals, and appear at a diftance like five heads of land. 
Lat. 10.31. S. Ion. of the largelt, 28. 8. W. of Paris. 
MARTIN ZELL', a town of Bavaria, in the principa¬ 
lity of Kempten, on the Iler: fix miles weft-fouth-weft 
of Kempten. Lat.47.38-N. Ion. 10.13. E. 
MAR'TINDALE (Adam), a non-juring clergyman, 
was deprived of his living at Rolthorn in Chefhire in the 
year 1660 ; after which he a tied as chaplain in the family 
of lord Delamere. He died about the year 1662; and is 
known as an author, by a ufeful trafl on furveying, called 
the Land-meter’s Vade Mecum. He wrote likevviie twelve 
problems on the fubjeft of intereft, and two almanacs. 
He kept a mathematical fchool at Warrington, and after¬ 
wards at Dunham, in Chefliire. In theology, he was the 
author of “ Divinity Knots unloofed,” and “Truth and 
Peace reltored.” 
MARTINEN'GO, a town of Italy, in the department 
of the Adda and Oglio: nine miles fouth of Bergamo. 
MARTINE'SL, a town of Tranfylvania : fixteeu miles 
fouth of Millenbach. 
MAR 443 
MAR'TINET, f. in military language, denotes a ftrift 
difciplinarian, who, in matters of inferior moment, gives 
officers and foldiers needlefs trouble. Some fay that the 
term is derived from an adjutant of that name, who was 
in high repute as a drill-officer in the reign of Louis XIV. 
but others deduce it from the French martinet , which is 
ufed to denominate a fmall cat o’-nine-tails, fixed to the 
end of a wooden handle, with which fchoolmalters for¬ 
merly ufed to punilh refractory or idle boys. 
MAR'TINET, or Mart'let, f. See Martin, p. 433. 
MAR'TINGALE, f. [French.] A thong of leather 
faftened at one end to the girths under the belly of a horfe, 
and at the other end to the bit, or, which is the better way, 
to a thin mouth-piece of its own, to hinder him from rear¬ 
ing, or toffing up his head. If the fnaffle is ufed with the 
reins faftened low, it becomes a martingale, or anfwers 
the purpofe better; becaufe the hand can make it ftrifl 
or eafy, or both by turns, as tire rider pleafes, and the horfe 
requires. 
MARTIN'HO (St.), in geography, a town of Portugal, 
in Eftramadura, on the north fide of the Donao : twelve 
miles north-ealt of Peniche. 
MARTIN'HO de MOU'RAS (St.), a town of Portu¬ 
gal, in the province of Beira : lix miles north-weft of 
Latnego. 
MARTI'NI, a town of Naples, in the province of 
Otranto: fixteen miles welt of Oltuni. 
MARTI'NI (Martin), a Jefuit milfionary, was a native 
of Trent. He was fent by the fociety to China, where he 
made a long refidence. Returning to Europe in 1651, he 
publiffied the refult of his obfervations in the following 
works: 1. De Bello Tartaros inter et Chinenfes, 1654. 
2. Sinicae Hiltoriae Decas prima, a Gentis Origine ad Chrif- 
tum natum, 1658: this has been tranftated into French 
by Pelletier. 3. China illuftrata, folio ; a geographical 
defcription of that country, illu(trated by maps of each 
province, and accounted the moft exaft work on the fub- 
je£t before that of du Halde. 4. A Relation of the Num¬ 
ber and Quality of the Chriftians in China. He probably 
vifited China a fecond time, where he is thought to have 
died about the age of feventy-four. 
MARTI'NI (Fr. Giambatifta), minor conventuale of 
the order of St. Francis, member of the Inftitute and 
Philharmonic Society at Bologna. This worthy and 
learned father was well known all over Europe by the title 
of “ Padre Martini ;” and regarded, during the la ft fifty 
years of his life, as the molt profound harmonift, and the 
beft acquainted with the hiftory and progrefs of the art 
and fcience of mufic, in Italy. All the great mailers of 
his time were ambitious of becoming his difciples, and 
proud of his approbation ; and young profeffors within 
liis reach never thought themfelves, nor were thought by 
others, fufficiently {killed in counterpoint, till they had re¬ 
ceived lefions from this deep theorift, and moft intelligent 
and communicative inltrudtor. 
No hiftory of miific had been attempted in Italy, fince 
that of Bontempi appeared in 1695, till Padre Martini, in 
1757, publifhed in 4to. the firft volume of his “ Storia 
Mufica,” upon fo large a fcale, that, though the chief part 
of his life leems to have been dedicated to it, only three 
volumes were publilhed before his deceafe in 1783. The 
firft volume of this elaborate work only contains lixty-one 
pages of hiftory, which advance no further in the pro¬ 
grefs of the art than what the facred writings have told 
us concerning its ufe and cultivation among the Hebrews, 
Chaldeans, and Egyptians. The reft of the volume is 
filled with differtations. This volume, befides plates of 
ancient inftruments, and mufical examples printed with 
types, has head and tail-pieces in the form of vignettes to 
each chapter and diftertation, on which are engraved ca¬ 
nons by the author in every kind of conftru&ion ; which 
being only given in a fingle part, without bars, and often 
wrapt up in myftery, their folution will be an excellent 
Itudy for tyros in the art of compofition. Though thir¬ 
teen years had elapled between the publication of the firft: 
volum® 
