4§§ M A R 
die of the-town, Hands a very hand fame fluted column, 
being a model of the famous pillar of Trajan. The pa- 
rifti is of great extent, and is divided into nine tythings. 
The town is watered on the fouth-weft by the river Par¬ 
rot, and on the north by the Yeo. The manor was pof- 
fefl'ed by Edith, queen of Edward the Confeflor, at the 
time of the Norman conqueft. 
MAR'TON (St.), a town of Hungary : ten miles well 
of Rofenburg. 
MARTORA'NO, a town of Naples, in Calabria Citra, 
the fee of a bilhop, fufFragan of Cofenza: twenty miles 
north-weft of Squillace, and thirteen fouth of Cofenza. 
Lat. 30. 8. N. Ion. 16.28. E. 
MARTOREL', a town of Spain, in Catalonia, on the 
right bank of the Llogrebat, where Hannibal built a bridge 
acrofs the river as he palled towards Italy ; and at the 
north end is a triumphal arch, ereCted by the Carthagi¬ 
nian general in honour of his father. It is twenty miles 
north-weft of Barcelona. 
MAR'TORY (St.), a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Upper Garonne, on the Garonne : ten miles 
north-eaft of St. Gaudens. 
MAR'TOS, a town of Spain, in the province of Jaen, 
fuppoied to be the ancient Tucci, afterwards called Augujla 
gemel/a ;• lituated on the fide of a lofty mountain, on the 
top of which is a caftle. The town belongs to the order 
Calatrava, by which a civil and military governor are 
kept there, and an alcade mayor for the adminiftration of 
juftice. It was once an epifcopal fee', which was deftroyed 
under the Moors. Its prefent population amounts to 
j5,000 perfons. The top of the rock on which the caf¬ 
tle Hands is famous for the death of the two brothers of 
Carvejal, commanders of the order of Calatrava, who, un¬ 
der an unfounded charge of murder, were precipitated 
from the rock by order of Ferdinand king of CaftilC. 
It is ten miles weft of Jaen. 
MARTRAGNY', a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Calvados : nine miles north-north-well of 
Caen, and five eall-fouth-eaft of Bayeux. 
MAR'TRES, a town of France, in the department of 
the Upper Garonne : fifteen miles north-eall of St. Gau¬ 
dens, and nine fouth-weft of Rieux. 
MARTRES de VEY'RE, a town of France, in the 
department of the Puy de Dome : feven miles fouth-fouth- 
eall of Clermont, and nine north of Ufoire. 
MAR'TYN (Benjamin), nephew to Mr. Edward Mar- 
tyn, rhetoric profelfor of Grelham College, and fon of 
Richard Martyn, a gentleman of a Wiltlhire family, who 
Iiad been a commillioner of the ftamp-duties, and died at 
Buenos Ayres, to which place he went as agent for the 
South-Sea Company. Benjamin was his eldeft fon, and 
was very aftive and inftruinental in eftablilhing the 
colony of Georgia, of which he publifiied an account 
about the year 1733, when a fociety of noblemen and gen¬ 
tlemen was formed for^that purpofe, to which he lome 
time aCted as fecretary. He was alfo examiner of the 
out-ports in the cuftom-houfe; and was, according to his 
epitaph, in Lewilham church-yard, “A man of inflexible 
integrity, and one of the belt-bred men in England ; 
which, with a happy genius for poetry, procured him the 
friendlhip of feveral noblemen not more diftinguillied by 
their illuftrious births than by their public virtues and 
private morals. He was the firll promoter of the defign 
of erefting a monument to the memory of Shakefpeare 
in Weftminfter Abbey, which was carried into execution 
by him, with the afliltance of Dr. Mead and Mr. Pope, 
by the profits of a play ; the prologue fpoken on that oc- 
calion was wrote by him.” He left behind him in ma- 
nufcript a Life of the firll Earl of Shaftelbury, not yet 
publilhed ; and was the author of Timoleon, a tragedy, 
8vo. 1730. He died OCl. 25, 1763, aged fixty-four years. 
Biog. Dramatica. 
MAR'TYN (John), late profeffor of botany at Cam¬ 
bridge, was-bom Sept. 12, 1699, in Queenr.ftreet, London, 
where his father, a very worthy and refpeCtable man, lived 
iil a mercantile ftation. After being educated at a pri- 
M A R 
vate fchool in the neighbourhood, he was taken, at the 
age of fixteen, into the compting-houfe of his father; 
nor does it appear that he negleCted or defpifed the du¬ 
ties of the ftation to which he was then deftined, though 
he had already imbibed fo ltrong a tafte for literature, 
that he conftantly devoted much of the night to ftudy, 
allowing himfelf, for many years, no more than four 
of the twenty-four hours for lleep. In the fummer of 
1718 he firll acquired a tafte for botany, in confequence 
of his acquaintance with Mr. Wilmer, an apothecary, 
who afterwards became demonftrator in the Chelfea Gar¬ 
den. He was in the following year introduced to Dr. Pa¬ 
trick Blair, and the juftly-celebrated Dr. William She- 
rard, the moll liberal and intelligent promoter of this fci- 
ence that his country could then boaft. With fuch in- 
ftrutfors and counfellors, his progrefs was rapid. He 
foon became delirous of.commencing author; and it is 
fortunate that this was not prevented, by his imbibing 
the diffidence of Sherard along with a portion of his know¬ 
ledge. Mr. Martyn tranllated Tournefort’s Hiltory of 
the Plants growing about Paris, from the French, into 
Engliffi, in 1720; which, however, he did not print till 
twelve years afterwards, when it appeared, dedicated to 
lord Petre, and improved in many refpe&s, being accom¬ 
modated to this country by the addition of Engliffi names, 
and the mention of particular places of growth. Nor 
were his ftudies merely fpeculative, or confined* to books. 
He undertook various botanical excurfions, which were 
chiefly performed on foot, that he might obferve plants 
in their natural fituations, as well as infefts, which had 
now likewife excited his attention. When at home, he 
bulled himfelf in fowing feeds, that he might fpeculate 
upon their germination, and the ftructure of their cotyle¬ 
dons ; and was eager in collecting, not only dried fpeci- 
mens of plants, but their feeds and fruits. His attention 
to thefe fubjeCls prove him to have been no fuperficiai 
enquirer ; and his letters to Blair Ihow that he ftudied 
both Nature and Caefalpinus with advantage. The lead¬ 
ing character of his mind feerns to have been a tafte for 
enquiry, which prompted him to examine every thing 
for himfelf. About the year 1721 he became acquainted 
with the celebrated Dillenius ; and in conjunction with 
him and feveral others, amongft whom we find the names 
of Deering, Thomas Dale, and Philip Miller, eftablifiied 
a botanical fociety, which met every Saturday evening. 
Dillenius was president, and Martyn fecretary. The lat¬ 
ter, ever foremoft in activity, read before this fociety a 
courfe of lectures upon the technical terms of the Sci¬ 
ence, the foundation, as it is prelumed, of what he after¬ 
wards publifiied. Thefe meetings were continued for 
about five years. 
We are not informed of the period at which Mr. Mar¬ 
tyn changed his mercantile occupation for the medical 
profeffion, to which he was doubtlefs led by the general 
tenour of his purfuits. In 1723 he was offered admiffion 
into the Royal Society, which he declined, as it appears 
by one of his letters to Dr. Blair, from pure modefty. 
His objections, however, were overcome the next year j 
and he foon proved himfelf an aCtive and worthy mem¬ 
ber, by his various communications, to be found in the 
Tranfaftions of that learned body 5 of which publica¬ 
tion he fubfequently took a part in the abridgment, 
though he was an unfuccefsful candidate for the place of 
fecretary to the fociety, obtained by Dr. Cromwell Mor¬ 
timer. In 1726 he publifiied his Table of Officinal 
Plants, in twenty pages folio, difpofed according to Ray’s 
fyltem. He had given a public courfe of lettures in bo¬ 
tany the preceding year ; and, with the affilta,nce of Dr. 
Blair, had undertaken to make a collection of birds. His 
fecond courfe of leCtures there, in 1726, being much ap¬ 
proved, he was recommended by Dr. Sherard and fir 
Hans Sloane as fit to teach the fcience in which lie ex¬ 
celled to the Univerfity of Cambridge. He gave, in 
1727, the firll botanical courfe ever read in that univer¬ 
fity, though Ray had ttudied there, and done all that he 
could to excite a love of natural knowledge. For tjte ufe 
of 
