MAR 
the principal obje&of bis admiration among the ancients, 
and of whom he gave an edition. He is alfo charged with 
having imbibed his fpirit of impiety ; and indeed fome of 
liis verfes have much more.the character of Paganifrr, than 
of Chriftianity. Gen. Biog. 
MA'RUM, Common, in botany; fee Satureia. Ger¬ 
mander; fee Teucrium. Pennyroyal-lcented ; fee Me¬ 
lissa. Syrian ; fee Origanum. 
MA'RUS, in ancient geography, a river of Germany, 
which feparates modern Hungary and Moravia ; now the 
Morava, which fee. 
MA'RUT, in Hindoo mythology, is a perfonification 
of the Wind, more commonly called Pavana. The Ma- 
ruts are frequently alluded to in Hindoo books, as the 
genii or regents of the winds. Eight are ufually Ipoken 
of, and they then feem to correfpond with the guardians 
of the cardinal and intermediate points, into which the 
Brahmins have arranged the heavens; - reminding us, un¬ 
der this divifion, of the oflagonal Temple of the Winds 
at Athens. Thefe eight guardians, or regents, are, i. 
Indra, who being elteemed as the firft of firnramental 
deities, and ruler of the ealf, that point is reckoned firft. 
a. Pavaka, the god of fire, rules the fouth-eaft. 3. Yama, 
king of death and judge of hell, over the fouth, or lower 
region. 4. Nirit or Nairit, fouth-weft. 5. Varuna, re¬ 
gent of waters, weft. 6. Pavana, otherwife called Vayu, 
north-weft. 7. Kuvera, the god of wealth, the north. 
&. Ifani, a name and form of Siva, rules the north-eaft. 
MARU'TY, in Hindoo mythology, is a name of Ha- 
nuinan, who, although an ape in appearance, is yet, in 
the facred romances of the poetical people of the Eaft, a 
very important perfonage ; and of whom almoft as much 
isfaid and fungasof any deity in their monftrous, although 
certainly curious, Pantheon. In their theogonies he is 
called the fon of Siva, who miraculoufly impregnated the 
mother in a manner correfponding with the ufual whim- 
ficality of thefe tales, if literally received ; but popularly 
he is deemed the offspring of Pavana, the regent of the 
wind, otherwife called Manit, which fee; and hence his 
name, which means “ windy.” Hanuman fignifies “ with 
bloated cheeks.” 
This fimian hero was produced with a vaft number of 
others by the celeftials for the purpofe of affifting Rama in 
his conqueft of Lanka from the tyrant Ravena; which 
conqueft is the theme of that fingular poem the Ramayana. 
Sir William Jones, hinting at the fimilarity of the Indian 
conquefls of Dionylos and Rama, v.hofe armies of Satyrs 
were refpecfively led by Pan, and the fon of Pavan, finds 
farther coincidences of character, both in the principals 
and their general. Pan improved the pipe by additional 
reeds ; Hanuman was alfo a mufical genius, and one of 
the four fyftems of Hindoo niufic is named after him. In 
the peninlula of India, and on Ceylon, or Lanka, ftatues, 
piffures, legends, and romances, of Hanuman, are very 
common. He is alfo feen on very ancient coins and me¬ 
dals, of which exa£l reprefentations are given in Moor’s 
Hindoo Pantheon. Maruti, or Hanuman, is reprefented 
fometimes wholly as a monkey ; at others as a man with 
a monkey’s head, and perhaps tail ; and with from one to 
four pair of arms, holding divers weapons; or as a refpedt- 
ful attendant on Rama, who is feldom feen without him. 
MAR'WAR. See Marawar, p. 333. 
MARWICK HEAD', a cape of Scotland, on the weft 
cpaft of the itland of Pomona. Lat. 51. 58. N. Ion. 3.30. W. 
MAR'WOOD, a fmall market-town in the county of 
Durham, leated on the Tees, near Barnard Caftle, 255 
miles from London. The market is on Wednefday ; and 
here is a manufabior)' of ltockings. 
MAR'XBURG, a town of the principality of Hefle 
Darmftadt, near Branbach. 
MA'RY, [Heb. bitter.] A woman’s name. 
MA'RY, the mother of our Saviour Jefus Cbrift, and 
a virgin at the time that (lie conceived him ; daughter of 
Joachim and of Anna, of the tribe of Judah, and mar¬ 
ried to Jofeph of the fame tribe. The Scripture tells 11s 
Vol. XIV. No. 987. 
MAR 4.*>7 
nothing of her parents, not fo much as their names, un- 
lefs Heli, mentioned by St. Luke, iii. 23. be the fame with 
Joachim. All that is faid concerning the birth of Mary 
and of her parents is only to be found in fome apocryphal 
writings; which, however, are very ancient. 
Mary was of the royal race of David, as was alfo her 
hufband ; A virgin, efpoufed to a man rvhofe name was Jofeph, 
of the houfe of David , fays our tranflation of St. Luke, i. 27. 
which tranflation Mr, Whitby thinks might be better ren¬ 
dered thus : “ A virgin of the houfe of David, efpoufed 
to a man whofe name was Jofeph;” becaufe this agrees 
better with the words of the angel, The Lordfiall give him 
the throne of his father David, ver. 32. For, fince the an¬ 
gel had plainly told the virgin, that (lie fhould have this 
Ion without the knowledge of man, it was not Jofeph’s 
hut Mary’s being of the houfe of David, that made David 
his father. Mary was alfo akin to the race of Aaron, fince 
Elizabeth the wife of Zacharias was hercoufin; (ver. 36.) 
When Mary was ready to lie in, an edift was publifhed 
by Csefar Auguftus, which decreed, that all the lubjeeis 
of the empire tliould go to their own cities, there to have 
their names regiftered according to their families. Jofeph, 
though he was not rich, and though he lived in Galilee, 
might have fome fmall inheritance in or near Bethlehem, 
and might be obliged to go thither upon that account. 
St. Luke gives us this reafon for his going to Bethlehem, 
becaufe he zoas of the houfe and lineage of David ; ch. ii. v. 4. 
Mary accompanied him on this occafion, ver. 5. and, 
whilft they remained k’t Bethlehem, our Saviour was born 
in the circumftances recited by the evangelifts. Of her 
vifit to Jerufalem, at the time of her purification and of 
her prefentation of Jefus in the temple, and of other in¬ 
cidents that occurred in the early period of our Saviour’s 
life, it is fufficient to refer to the evangelical hiftory. We 
find that Mary was prefent at the marriage of Cana in 
Galilee, where our Lord performed his firft public mira¬ 
cle ; (John ii. 1, 2, &c.) and that fire accompanied her 
ion to Capernaum, where fire feems to have chiefly refided. 
Epiphanius, however, intimates, that fhe followed him 
every-where during the whole courfe of his public minif- 
try ; but, if that was the cafe, it is not recorded by the 
evangelitts. We find her at Jerufalem at the laft paifover 
which our Saviour attended ; and the followed him to 
Calvary, where ihe flood at the foot of his crofs, and where 
fhe was recommended by him, with an attention highly 
worthy of the dignity of his perfon and the excellence of 
his charaffer, to the care of his beloved difciple, who from 
that hour took her to his own houfe. Our Saviour ap¬ 
peared to her after his refurredion, and file was one of the 
firft to whom he vouchfafed this honour and confolation ; 
fhe was alfo with the apoftles at the time of his afcenlion, 
and continued with them at Jerufalem. (Ads i. 14.) Af¬ 
ter this, fhe dwelt in the houfe of St.John the Evangelift, 
who took care of her as of his own mother. As St. John 
ftaid for a confiderable time in Paleftine, it may be rea- 
fonably concluded, that Mary, our Lord’s mother, did not 
go with him to Ephelus, as Baronius and fome others 
have thought, but died before he went thither, according 
to the opinion of Cave and Bafnage ; and was buried at 
Jerufalem, A. D. 48. at the age of 60. 
There are feveral feftivals in the church which have a 
reference to the Virgin Mary. 
1. Her Conception. See that w>ord, vol. v. p. 12. 
2. Her Nativity. —This feftival was appointed by- 
pope Servius about the year 695, and is kept by the 
church of Rome on the 8th of March, though her con¬ 
ception is only dated from the 8th of December. 
3. The Annunciation, or Lady-day; March 25.— 
This day celebrates the angel’s mefisge to Mary relpebt- 
ing our blefled Lord. See Annunciation, vol. i. 
4. The Purification; Feb. 2.—This feftival is of 
high antiquity; and the ancient Chriftians obferved it by 
uhng a great number of lights ; in remembrance, as it is 
fuppofed, of our blefled Saviour’s being declared, by Si¬ 
meon, to be a light to lighten the Gentiles; and hence 
6 A the 
