MAR 
460 
rica, which runs from Lake Superior to Lake Huron. 
On this river are two forts. Lat. 46. 22. N. Ion. 84.. 24. W. 
MARYBONE. See the article London, vol. xiii. p. 
576 & feq. 
MARYBOROUGH, a town of Ireland, in Queen’s 
county, not large, but confiderable for its woollen manu- 
factures. Before the union it fent two members to the 
Irilh parliament. It is forty-eight miles north of Water¬ 
ford, and forty-three fouth-weft of Dublin. Lat.53. N. 
Ion. 7. 2. W. 
MARYBURGH, or Gor'donsburgh, a town of Scot¬ 
land, in the county of Invernefs, on the fouth fide of 
Loch Eil, built b}r William III. foon after became to 
the crown, and called Maryburgh in honour of his queen 3 
for fome time it has alfo been called Gordonfburgh, from 
the family of Gordon, to whom the eftate belongs. It is 
a flourifliing little place ; and only half a mile from Fort 
William. 
MA'RYGOLD. See Marigold, p. 364. 
MARYKIRK, a town of the iiland of Sanday, on the 
fouth coaft. Lat. 59. 6. N. Ion. 2. 27. W. 
MARYLAND, one of the United States of America, 
lying between lat. 37. 56. and 39. 44. N. and Ion. o. and 4. 
30. W. 1 34 miles in length and no in breadth, or 14,000 
fquare miles in fuperficial meafure, one-fourth of which 
is water. This hate is bounded north by Pennfylvania, 
eaft by Delaware (fate and the Atlantic ocean, and louth 
and weft by Virginia. It is divided into nineteen coun¬ 
ties, eleven on the weftern, and eight on the eaftern, iliore 
of Chefapeak bay. Each of the counties lends four re- 
prefentatives to the houfe of delegates, belides which the 
city of Annapolis and town of Baltimore fend each two. 
Annapolis is the capital of the ftate; but Baltimore is 
more populous, and of greater commercial importance. 
The bank eftablilhed in Baltimore, with a capital of 
300,000 dollars, is called the Maryland Bank. There is, 
befides, a branch of the bank of the United States. In 
1796 a new bank was eftablilhed by law, with a capital of 
2,000,000 dollars, called the Bank of Baltimore. The 
qther principal towns of this ftate are Georgetown, (in 
which a bank has been lately eftablilhed, called the Bank 
of Columbia,) Fredericktown, Elizabethtown, and Elk- 
ton ; which fee refpeftively. 
Chefapeak Bay, which feparates this ftate into the eaft- 
ern and weftern divilions, receives a number of large ri¬ 
vers. As to the face of the country, eaft of the blue 
ridge of mountains, which ftretches acrofs the weftern 
part of this ftate, the land is generally level and free from 
ftones. The ground is uniformly level and low in molt 
of the counties on the eaftern Ihore, and confequently 
much covered with water, except where it is intercepted 
by numerous creeks. The large trails of marlh render 
the dole of the fummer and fall feafons in this part of the 
ftate fickly ; fpring and fummer are molt healthy. The 
foil of the good land in Maryland produces from twelve 
to fixteen bufliels of wheat, or from twenty to thirty 
bufhels of Indian corn, per acre. The Ha pie commodities 
are wheat and tobacco. Some cotton of inferior quality 
is alfo raifed in this ftate; and in the interior counties, as 
the Uplands, confiderable quantities of hemp and flax are 
cultivated. Two articles are faid to be peculiar to Mary¬ 
land, viz. the genuine white wheat, which grows in Kent, 
Queen Anne’s, and Talbot, counties, on the eaftern fhore, 
and which degenerates in other places; and the bright 
kite’s-foot tobacco, which is produced at Elkridge, on 
the Patuxent, on the weftern Ihore. Among other kinds 
of timber are the oak of ftveral kinds, made into ttaves 
for exportation, and the black walnut employed for fur¬ 
niture. The apples are large, but mealy ; the peaches 
plentiful and good: from thefe the inhabitants cliIti 1 ci¬ 
der, brandy, and peach-brandy. The forefts abound with 
various kinds of nuts, colleftively called majl, and ufed 
for fattening hogs, which run wild in the woods. Mines 
of iron ore abound in this ftate, and it is of fuperior qua¬ 
lity ; furnaces and forges are allb numerous. Coal has 
been lately found near Baltimore, and great quantities of 
MAR 
rye-vshilkey are manufaftured in the ftate ; grift-mills are 
common. The trade of Maryland is principally carried 
on from Baltimore, with the other ftates, wuth the Weft 
Indies, and with fome parts of Europe. To thefe places 
the inhabitants fend annually about 30,000 hoglheads of 
tobacco, befides large quantities of wheat-flour, pig-iron, 
lumber, and corn; beans, pork, and flax-feed, in fmaller 
quantities; and receive, in return, clothing for thern- 
felves and negroes, and other dry goods, wines, fpirits, 
fugar, and other Weft Indian commodities. The balance 
is generally in their favour. The value of exports from 
this ftate in 1801 was 9,151,939 dollars. The firft fet- 
tlers in Maryland were Roman Catholics ; befides thefe, 
there are many Proteftant Epifcopalians, Englilh, Scotch, 
and Irilh, Prefb'yterians, German Calvinilts, German Lu¬ 
therans, Friends, Baptifts, Methodifts, Mennonifts, and 
Nicolites or New Quakers; all of whom enjoy liberty of 
confluence. 
Maryland was the firft colony which was erefted into a 
province of the Englilh empire, and governed by laws 
enabled in a provincial legiflature. See the article Ame¬ 
rica, vol. i. p. 432. The firft emigration, confifting of 
about tw o hundred gentlemen of confiderable fortune and 
rank, with their adherents, chiefly Roman Catholics, 
failed from England in November 1632, and landed near 
the mouth of Patowmac river in the beginning of the 
following year. Lord Baltimore purchafed the rights of 
the aborigines for a fatisfafiory confideration; and, with 
their free content, took poffelfion, in March 1633, of the 
town, which he called St. Mary’s. The foundation of 
this province was laid by lord Baltimore on the broad 
balls of lecurity to property and liberty in religion ; 
Chriftianity being eftablilhed without allowing pre¬ 
eminence to any particular left. This wife meafure foon 
converted a dreary wildernels into a prolperous colony. 
The tranlportation of people and of floras, during the 
firlt two years, coft lord Baltimore upwards of 40,000!. 
The freemen of the province, as an expreftion of grati¬ 
tude, granted him, at an early period, a fubfidy of fif¬ 
teen pounds of tobacco on every poll. The lii ll aflem- 
bly was convened in February 1634-5. Succeffive af- 
femblies were convened in January 1637-8, and in Fe¬ 
bruary 1638 9; at which latter meeting an aft puffed 
“for eftablifhing the houfe of affembly.” An attempt 
was made by the Britifh parliament, in 1640, to annul 
the charter of Maryland : but the effort failed, and 
Maryland remained prosperous and happy till the in¬ 
trigues of one William Cleyborne difturbed its tranquil¬ 
lity. In 1645, a rebellion was raifed in the province; 
nor were peace and order reftored till Auguft 1646. The 
affembly at that time, though compofed chiefly of Ro¬ 
man catholics, paffed an aft, which indicates a fpirit of 
liberality very uncommon at that period. It recited, that 
the enforcement of confidence had ever been of dangerous 
confequence in thole countries in which it had been prac- 
tiled. And it was enafted, “That no perfon profefling to 
believe in Jefus Chrift Ihould be molefted in refpedt of 
their religion, or in the free exercife thereof, or be com¬ 
pelled to the exereife of any other religion, againft their 
conlent; fo that they be not unfaithful to the proprietary, 
or confpire againft the civil government. That any ptr- 
fon molefting another in refipeft of his religious tenets, 
fliould pay treble damages to the party aggrieved, and 
twenty Ihiliings to the proprietary ; that thole reproach¬ 
ing any with opprobrious names of religious diltinflion, 
fliould forfeit ten drillings to the perfons injured; that 
any one fpeaking reproachfully againft the bleffed virgin, 
or the apoltles Ihould forfeit five pounds. But blafphetny 
againft God Ihould be punilhed with death.” This aft 
palled 1649 ; and was confirmed, in 1676, among the per¬ 
petual laws of the province. The year 1650 is remark-, 
able in the hiftory of Maryland for the final eftablifhment 
of that conftitution, w hich continued, with fome fhort in¬ 
terruption, till the prefent one was adopted in 1776. In 
1692, the proteftant religion was eftablilhed by law in this 
province. In 1716, the government was reftored to 
Charles 
