M A S 
which has been mod frequently reprinted, was his PraElka 
Medic a, feu PralcEliones Academica, a fy Hematic treatife on 
the difeafes of the whole body; firft publifhed at Frankfort 
in 1601. E/oy Dicl. Hift. dr. la Med. 
MASSASYL'IANS, in ancient geography, a people 
who inhabited the interior of Mauritania Caefarienfis, on 
the mountains called Durdus. 
MASS'AT, a town of France, in the department of the 
Arriege: nine miles weft of Tarafcon. 
MASS ATT, a town of France, in the department of the 
Cher: fixteen miles weft of Bourges. 
MASSEDAY B A'Y, a bay on the weft coaft of Mexico, 
between Acapulco and Aquacara ; a port near the cape of 
California, where fir Thomas Cavendifh lay after he had 
palfed the Straits of Magellan. 
MASSCIUC'COLI. See Massaciuccoli. 
MASS'EL, a town of Silefia, in the principality of 
Oels. Near it is an eminence called Topplefberg, once a 
famous pagan burial-ground : three miles north-eaft of 
Trebnitz. 
MASSELO'TE, / A French term ufed in foundry, fig- 
nifying that fuperfluous metal which remains aftera can¬ 
non or mortar lias been caft, and which is fawed or filed off, 
to give the piece its proper form. James's Mil. DiEl. 
MASSERA'NO, a town of France, in the department 
of the Sefia, lately capital of a fmall principality which 
was a papal fief, infulated in Piedmont: twenty-one miles 
noxth-north-weft of Vercelli, and forty-three north-north- 
eaft of Turin. Lat. 45. 39. N. Ion. 8. 9. E 
MASS'ENBACH, a town of the duchy of Wurzburg : 
three miles fonth-eaft of Gemunden. 
MASS'ERSBURG, a town of Pennfylvania : fifteen 
miles weft-fouth welt of Chamberfburg. 
MASS'ETER,yi A powerful mufcle belonging to the 
lower jaw. See the article Anatomy, vol. i. 
MASSEU'BE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Gers: nine miles fouth-eaft of Miainde, and fourteen 
fouth of Auch. Lat. 43. 25. N. Ion. o. 39. E. 
MASS'EY’s FSLAND, a fmall ifland in the Pacific 
Ocean, difcovered in 1790, by Lieut. Ball. It lies fouth- 
fouth-weft of Sirius Ifland. 
MASS'EY’s TOW'N, or Massiesburg, a town of 
America, in the Hate of Ohio, and county of Adam, 
fituated on the northern bank of the Ohio, thirty-eight 
miles below the Scioto, or fix miles above Limeftone, in 
Kentucky; fettled in 1790. About ten miles above it is 
a thriving town, built on the north bank of the Ohio, in¬ 
corporated in 1802. 
MASS'FELD, a town of Germany, in the county of 
Henneberg: three miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Meinungen. 
MASS'I, a nation of Africa, on the banks of Lake 
Maravi. 
MASS'IA, a river of Mexico, which runs into the Pa¬ 
cific Ocean in lat. ifl. 30. N. 
MASSIAC', a town of France, in the department of 
the Cantal: fourteen miles north of St. Flour, and eigh¬ 
teen north-eaft of Murat. 
MASSIANAC', a town on the eaft coaft of Madagafcar. 
Lat. 22. 50. S. Ion. 47. 55. E. 
MASS'ICOT, or Masticot. See the article Chemis¬ 
try, vol. iv. p. 295. 
MASSIEU' (William), an eftimable man of letters, was 
born at Caen in 1665. Coming to Paris to finifh his 
ftudies, he entered among the Jefuits ; but afterwards 
quitted their fociety in order to follow his literary tafte 
more at liberty. He became a diftinguilhed member of 
the French Academy, and the Academy of Infcriptions 
and Belles Lettres. In 1710, he was nominated Greek 
profeffor in the college royal ; which poll he retained till 
his death in 1722, The abbe Maffieu was of a modeft, 
fimple, and unaffefted, character, folely attached to his 
ftudies and literary friendfhips. He was profoundly fkilled 
in the ancient languages, of which he gave proof by his 
publications. Thefe were, 1. Several dilfertations in the 
Memoirs of the Academy of Infcriptions. 2,. Preface to 
M AS 5U 
a new Edition of the Works of Tourreil. 3. Tranfiation 
of Six Odes of Pindar, with Notes. 4. Hiftoire de la 
Poefie Fran^ife ; much efteemed for its curious refearches, 
and the elegant fimplicity of its ftyle; it comes dovvn 
only to the time of Marot. 5. A Latin Poem on Coffee, 
inferted by the abbe d’Olivet in his collection of the works 
of fome modern Latin poets. Moreri. 
MASSILAR'GUES, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Herault s twelve miles eaft-north-eaft of 
Montpellier. 
MASSIL'IA, (now Marfeilles,') in ancient geography,- 
a celebrated city of Gaul, in Gallia Narbonenfis, and de¬ 
nominated by Cicero the Athens of the Gauls. Livy 
fays that it was as much poiifhed as if it had been in the 
midft of Greece. It was as highly diftinguiflied for its 
fciences and arts as for its commerce, and alfo for the va¬ 
riety and eminence of its colonies. Caefar fays that it was 
nlmoft furrounded on three lides by the fea, and on the 
other land-fide very ftrong, partly by its fituation, and 
partly by a deep ditch, which guarded its ramparts. 
Strabo fays that it was large, encompafl'ed by good walls, 
and fituated on a bill in the form of an amphitheatre above 
its harbour. This town was founded by a colony from 
Phocasa, a celebrated city of Ionia. Two perfons were 
deputed for this purpofe, who carried with them a num¬ 
ber of perfons of both fexes, together with various inltru- 
ments adapted to the mechanical arts and to agriculture,- 
and alfo the laws according to which the colony was to 
be governed. They were directed by the oracle to touch 
at Ephefus, and to put thtemfelves under the conduft of 
the perfon whom Diana (hould point out to them. A fe¬ 
male was warned by Diana of their arrival in a dream, anti 
ordered to take with her one of her ftatues, and to accom¬ 
pany thefe ltrangers. She alfo took from the temple fome' 
of the (acred fire, which was to be perpetuated in the new 
temple that was to be ereCted at Maftilia, in honour of the' 
goddefs by whom fhe was deputed. The firlt objeft of 
attention to the Phocaeans, when they entered the gulf 
where they were to build this city, was to gain the pro¬ 
tection and favour of the prince who reigned in this coun¬ 
try. On the day of their arrival the daughter of the prince 
was to be married ; and, according to the cuftom of the 
Gauls, file prefented a cup of water to the objeCt of her 
choice One of the Phocaeans engaged her affeftion and 
attachment, and to him five prefented the fignificative cup. 
Her father approved her choice, and affigned to the Pho- 
cteans a portion of land, where they eftablifhed themfelves 
in the firlt year of the 45th olympiad. Allowing for the 
mixture of fable and truth in this relation, we may de¬ 
duce from it the time when the city of Marfeilles was efta-- 
blifhed, arid the country from which its founders imi¬ 
grated . Having encompafl'ed the new city with walls, and- 
conftrufted a citadel for its defence, they eftablifhed a go¬ 
vernment upon the bafis of thofe laws which they had’ 
brought with them; and decreed to Diana of Ephefus, 
who became the tutelar divinity of Marfeilles, a particu¬ 
lar worfliip in the temple which they built for her, and of 
which the female who conducted them thither was the firft: 
prieftels. Agriculture and-fifhery were the objects of their 
attention and the fources of their fubfiftence : they cul¬ 
tivated the vine and the olive, which were probably the 
firft productions they tranfplanted into Gaul. For 
many ages they are faid to have maintained their original 
fimplicity and frugality ; and to have diflinguifhed them¬ 
felves by their holpitality to ltrangers; and their compaf- 
fion to the indigent. About 320 years B.C. Pytheas, an 
ingenious aftronomer of this city, undertook to perfedt 
navigation, and to difcover countries whither they might 
extend their commerce. With this view he navigated 
northwards, and on his return entered into the Baltic fea. 
About the fame time another citizen of- fimilar talents 
and purfuits, called Euthymenes, examined the weftern- 
coalts of Africa, and reconnoitred the mouth of the Se¬ 
negal. Thefe two voyages were undertaken at the ex-» 
penfe of the republic. Thefe voyages, and other circum- 
.ftr.nccs^ 
