M A T 
confifts of a body, in the form of an oblong fquare, having 
a circular tower rifing from the centre of the roof, and a 
femicircular tower projecting from the front on each tide 
of the entrance, and two wings with a round tower at each 
angle ; the whole draft tire is embattled, and the walls 
are of free-done. The apartments are neat rather than 
elegant 5 but the appendages are in the firlt Ityle of mag¬ 
nificence. The gardens are entered by a neat lodge. 
Formerly they were open to the company at Matlock 5 but, 
in confequence of fome irregularities, they are now only 
fhown by a guide, twice a-week. The very interefling 
landfcape, which Wellerfley commands, mult have been 
endeared to the heart of the late poffefibr by the reflection, 
that under his aufpices the whole diftrift was enriched, 
and comfort and plenty introduced where they had hitherto 
been Grangers. 
Between the river and the cliff is a fmall chapel, ele¬ 
gantly built of hewn (tone, erected and endowed by fir 
Richard Arkwright, with a rent-charge of 50I. a-year; and, 
by an augmentation with queen Anne’s bounty, the cure 
is now worth 70I. 
Near the weltern bank of the Derwent rifes a petrifying 
fpring, into which whatever is thrown fpeedily becomes 
incrulted, and at length wholly petrified. Among the 
curiofities which the keeper of this fpring fhows in his 
collection, are an old wig and a hair broom, which evince 
the wonderful powers of this water. 
Cumberland Cavern, which is generally vifited, is faid 
to have formerly communicated with the entrance of an 
old lead-mine, and therefore is a mixed production ; but 
Smedley’s Cavern is only the fport of nature, though it 
was inacceilible till the perfon, whole name it bears, after 
feventeen years labour and perfeverance, opened a com¬ 
munication with it; and he now afts as a guide to difplay 
its beauties. Here he found immenfe treafures of fpar,and 
other curious minerals and fofiils, with which his mu- 
feum, oppofite the New Bath, is always plentifully ftored. 
The perfon who fhows the Cumberland Cavern has like- 
wife a repofitory of the fame kind near Froggatt’s hotel ; 
and vifitors to Matlock generally purcliafe fome of the 
beautiful dalaftite ornaments, which are manufactured 
and fold here : thefe are, vafes, urns, pedeftals, pyramids, 
ink-ltands, chimney-ornaments, falts, and various other 
articles, exquifitely fhaped and poliflied. 
Darley is a village five miles from Matlock. In the 
church-yard there is a yew-tree, the circumference of 
whofe trunk (which is an entire folid compaCt body), at 
five feet diftance from the ground, is thirty-two feet eight 
inches : the height of the trunk to the part where the firft 
branches fhoot forth is eight feet! its age is computed to 
exceed 400 years. It is at prefent of low ftature, with 
many of its limbs broken off, at a part where they mea- 
fure from two to five feet in circumference ; one of thefe, 
which feetns to have been of great fize, now lies on the 
ground, near the whole ftock. Guide to the Watering Places. 
Wilkes's Britijh DireElory, vol, ii. 
MATMA'I, one of the Kurile or Kurilfkoi iflantls, 
the fouthernmolt and larged, fubjeft to the Japanefe, and 
fortified and garrifoned on the fide toward the continent. 
The channel between this ifland and Japan is faid to be 
no more than fixty verfts wide, and full of rocks. The 
current is very rapid. On the fouthern promontory 
ftands the Japanefe town Matmai, where the fupreme 
commander rtfides. The hairy Kuriles are in poiteflion 
of the inland parts ot the ifland. The Japanefe and Chi- 
nefe refort hither in trading-veffels for the purpofes of 
commerce, which confifts in bartering with the Kuriles 
for fea-otters, feals, and various forts of furs ; alfo fat, oil, 
and blubber of whales, and other marine animals; eagles’ 
feathers for fledging their darts and arrows, and other ar¬ 
ticles ; in exchange tor iilk and cotton pieces for garments, 
japanned vtfftls, rice, brandy, tobacco, fabres, knives, 
pots and kettles, hatchets, and the like. In the region 
of the bay Atkis, the land extends northward in a great 
headland, where lofty mountains rife on all parts, tending 
Vol. XIV. No. 553. 
MAT 537 
eaftward in ridges 5 within land are fpacious vales between 
the mountains, and large rivers roll in currents to the fea. 
The coaft abounds in bays and bights, which might be 
made to ferve for harbours. The forefls confilt ot oaks, 
beech, elm, birch, willow, and other trees of unknown 
fpecies. The fields produce a multitude of vegetables, 
among which are ftrawberries, cranberries, bilberries, and 
a large fort of hips and haws. Of animals, the forefls af¬ 
ford haunts to black bears, elks, roebucks, deer, fables, 
foxes, hares, and river-otters. The bays and inland lakes 
fwarm with all kinds of ducks and water-fowl; nor is the 
country deficient in frogs and fnakes. 
MAT'ME, a river of Germany, which rifes in the 
Brilgaw, and runs into the Schwarzach eight miles north 
of Wald flint. 
MA'TO BO'LO, one of the fmaller Philippine Iflands,- 
near the north coafi of Panay. Lat. 11. 56. N. Ion. 122. 
45- E. 
MA'TO DENTOO', a town of Brafil, in the govern¬ 
ment of Minas Geraes: forty-five miles north-north-eaft 
of Villarica. 
MA'TO GROS'SO See Matto Grosso. 
MATOCH'NIK SCHAR', a ltrait which divides Nova 
Zembla, always filled with ice, Lat. 75. N. 
MATOM'KIN (Great), a fmall ifland in the Atlantic, 
near the coafi of Virginia. Lat. 37.42. N. Ion. 75. 36. W. 
MATOM'KIN (Little), a (mall ifland in the Atlantic, 
near the coafi of Virginia. Lat. 37. 38. N. Ion. 75. 42. W. 
MATONBACKRAPET'TA, a town of Hindooftan, 
in the circar of Cuddapa: thirty-two miles fouth-fouth- 
eafi of Cuddapa. 
MATOO'N HAR'BOUR, a harbour on the fouth-eafl: 
coaft of Nova Scotia. Lat. 44. N, Ion. 64. 45. W. 
MATOU'R, a town of France, in the department of 
the Saone and Loire: eleven miles fouth-ealtof Charolles, 
and thirteen weft of Macon. 
MATOU'RCA,/! in botany. See Vandellia. 
MATOWO'MAN CREE'K, a river ot Maryland, 
which runs into the Potomack in lat. 38.38. N. Ion. 77. 
18. W. 
MA'TRA, a chain of mountains in Hungary, fituated 
to the (outh-weft of Erlau. 
MATRAMO'DO, a town of Hindooftan, in the Car¬ 
natic : twenty-feven miles weft of Vellore. 
MATRANG', f. A term in San(krit, which fignifies 
one whole tone ; one matrang is a (hort vowel, two are a 
long vowel. 
MATRA'S,yi [French.] A fort of dart anciently ufed, 
and which was not fufficiently pointed to occafion any 
thing more than a bruife. James's Mil. Dill. 
MAT'RASSj/i [ malras , Fr. ] A chemical glafs vefiel 
made for digeftion or diftillation, being foinetimes bellied, 
and foinetimes rifing gradually tapered into a conical figure. 
See the article Chemistry, vol. iv. p. 193.—A glafs 
made like a matrafs.—Proteft from violent dorms, and the 
too-parching darts of the fun, your pennached tulips and 
ranunculus’s, covering them with matrajfes. Evelyn's Ka~ 
lendar. 
MATRA'Y, a town of the Tyrolefe: ten miles fouth 
of Infpruck. 
MA'TRED, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
MATREL'LA,yi in botany. See Vandellia, 
MA'TRI, [Heb. rain.] A man’s name. 
MA'TRI, [Hindoo.] A term applied by the bramins 
to feveral of the female divinities, or divine mothers, the 
meaning of the word. It feems nearly the fame as Sakti, 
which, however, is generally dated to mean the aftive 
energy of a power, rather than a mother. In the eighth 
volume of the Afiatic Refearches, Mr. Paterfon enumerates 
eight of thefe, viz. 1. Mahefwari, the fakti of Mahefa, or 
Siva. 2. Sarafwati: in this character, indeed, more cor- 
reftly called Brahmi or Brahmani, fakti of Brahma. 3. 
Narayani of Narayana. 4. Indrani, or Aindri, of Indra. 
5. Kaumari of Kartikya. 6. Varahi of Viftinu, in the 
Varahavatara. 7. Narafinhi of Vifimu, in the Narafing- 
6 X avataraa 
