563 MAX 
the jaw-bone.—The greateft quantity of hard fubftanae 
continued is towards the head ; there is the Ikull, the 
teeth, and the maxillary bones. Bacon. 
MAX'IM,/ [ maxime , Fr. maximum, Lat.] An axiom ; 
a general principle 5 a leading truth.— Maxims are a kind 
of proportions, which have parted for principles of fci- 
ence; and which, being felf-evident, have been by fome 
fuppofed innate. Chambers. 
Yet, as in duty bound, they ferve him on ; 
Nor eafe, nor wealth, nor life itfeif, regard ; 
For ’tis their maxim, love is love’s reward. Dryden. 
Maxims, in law, are principles and authorities, and 
part of the general cultoms or common law of the land ; 
and are of the fame itrength as afts of parliament, wdien the 
judges have determined what is a maxim ; which belongs to 
the judges, and not a jury. Terms deLey. DoEl. S 3 Stud. c. 8. 
A maxim in law is laid to be a proporttion of all men 
confeffed and granted, without argument or difeourfe. 
Maxims of the law are holden for law ; and all other cafes 
that may be applied to them, (hall be taken for granted. 
1 liijl . ii. 67, x Comm. c. 68. 
The maxims in our law-books, which are many and 
various, are fuch as the following; viz. It is a maxim, 
that freehold land rtiall defeend from the father to the 
eldeft fon, See. It is a maxim, that, if a man have two 
fons, by divers venters, and the one purchafe lands and 
die without iflue, the other rtiall never be his heir, See. 
That, as no eliate can be verted in the king without mat¬ 
ter of record, fo none can be diverted out of him but by 
matter of record. That an obligation or matter in writ¬ 
ing cannot be difl'olved by an agreement by word, without 
writing. Co. Litt. 11. 141. 
MAX'IM-MONGER, f. One that deals in maxims.— 
Moll maxim-mongers have preferred the prettinefs to the 
ju fin els of a thought. Chejlerfidd. 
MAX'lMA C 2 ESARIEN'SIS, in ancient geography, 
one of the five provinces into which Britain was divided 
by the Romans ; but the reafon of the name, and the time 
when this province was erefted, are not certainly known. 
was bounded on the fouth by the Humber, on the eaft 
by the German Ocean, on the weft by the Irilh Sea, and 
on the north by the Wall of Severus; and contained the 
countries of the Parifi and the Brigantes, which are now 
the counties of York, Durham, Lancaller, Cumberland, 
and Northumberland. 
MAX'lMA et MIN'IMA, in analyfis and geometry, 
are the greateft and leaft values of a variable quantity; and 
the method of finding thefe greateft and leaft values is called 
the method de maximis et minimis, which forms one of the mod 
interefting inquiries in the modern analyfis. This fubjeft 
-was confidered geometrically by fome of the moll ancient 
mathematicians, particularly by Apollonius, in the fifth 
book of the Conics; and there are Hill a few problems of 
this kind, which fucceed better by the geometrical than by 
the analytical method ; their number, however, is very 
limited, compared with thole which may be elegantly 
performed by analyfis. 
The method de maximis et minimis, according to the 
analytical doctrine, firft arofe at the beginning of the fe- 
venteenth century, after the invention of Defcartes for 
exprerting the properties of curve-lines by mean of alge¬ 
braical equations ; and darting them into different orders, 
according to the degree of the equation which exprelfed 
the relation between the abfeifs and ordinate. Befides 
the method of Defcartes, we have aifo thofe of Fermat, 
Hudde, Huygens, Slufe, and fome others. But thefe are 
now all fupplanted by the general and elegant method of 
Fluxions. See that article, vol.vii. p. 4.79. 
MAXIME'NE, a town of Walachia; eighteen miles 
north of Galacz. 
MAXIM'IAN, an emperor of Rome. See that article. 
M AXIMIANOP'OLI, a town of European Turkey, in 
Romania, founded by the emperor Maximian. It was 
formerly the fee of a biihop, in the province of Rhodope ; 
MAX 
but is now a fmall place. It is fixty miles fouth-weft of 
Adrianonle. 
MAXIMIANOP'OLIS, in ancient geography, a town 
of Paleftiue, the fame as Hadad-Rimmon, in -the valley of 
Jezreel, and in the plain of Megiddo. An ancient travel¬ 
ler places it feventeen miles from Csefarea, and ten from 
Jezreel. Calmet. —Alfo, a town of Thrace, in Media, upon 
the northern bank of the Marfn Buton : called alfoMyxse. 
MAXIMIA'NUS, the name of two Roman emperors. 
See the article Rome. 
MAXIM IEU'X, a town of France, in the department 
of the Ain : feven mjles north of Montluel. 
MAXIMIL'IAN I. and II. Emperors of Germany. 
See that article, vol. viii. 
MAXIMIL/I AN, duke of Bavaria in the feventeentli 
century, fon of Frederic V. elector palatine and Elizabeth 
daughter of James I. of England, was called, on account 
of his courage and fuccefs, the Defender of Germany; 
and for his Angular prudence, he acquired the name of 
Solomon. He zealoufly oppofed the Proteftants, and was 
confidered as one of the principal fupporters of the Ca¬ 
tholic religion. For thefe fervices, in the year 1619, the 
imperial crown was offered him, but he refufed it; he was, 
however, named an eleflor of the empire at the peace of 
Wellphalia, in 1648. See the article Germany, vol. viii. 
p. 4.93-6. He died in 1651, aged 70. 
MAXIMILIA'N A, the name of a veftal virgin at 
Rome, who was buried alive for incontinency about 
A. D. 92. 
M AX'IMIN (St.), a town of France, in the department 
of the Var, and chief place of a canton, in the diftricl of 
Brignolles ; twenty miles north of Toulon. The place 
contains 3717, and the canton 9778, inhabitants. Lat.43. 
28. N. Ion. 5. 55. E. 
MAXIMI'NUS, the name of two Roman emperors. 
See the article Rome, 
MAX'IMUM,/ [Latin.] The greateft poffible; the 
greateft number or quantity that can arife from any par¬ 
ticular data. 
MAX'IMUS, an epithet applied to Jupiter, as being 
the greateft and moll powerful of all the gods. 
MAX'IMUS, the name of three emperors of Roms. 
See that article. 
MAX'IMUS, furnamed Tyrius, a celebrated philofo- 
pher and elegant writer in the lecond century, was a na¬ 
tive of Tyre in Phoenicia. Suidas fays that he lived un¬ 
der the emperor Commodus ; while Eufebius and Syncel- 
lus place him under Antoninus Pius. If we fuppole that 
he flourilhed under Antoninus, and lived to the time of 
the firft-mentioned emperor, the accounts of thofe chro- 
nologers may be reconciled. According to fome writers, 
he came to Rome in the year 146, where the emperor 
Marcus Aurelius gave him many tokens of his efteem, 
and placed himfelf under his inftrudlion ; but it is more 
probable that the preceptor of whom that prince fpeaks, 
under the name of Maximus, was fome philofopher of the 
Stoical feft. Our Maximus appears from his writings to 
have adopted the principles of the Platonic fchool, with 
fome tendency towards fcepticifm. Forty-one of his Dii- 
fertations, on various philofophical topics, are Hill extant, 
and difplay the molt captivating powers of eloquence. 
The firft Latin verfion of them was publilhed at Bafil, by 
Cofmo Piazzi, archbilhop of Florence, in 1519, folio ; and 
Henry Stevens firft printed the original Greek, at Paris, 
in 1557, 8vo. to which he added Pazzi’s Verfion, with 
numerous alterations and corrections. In 1607, the learn¬ 
ed Daniel Heinfius publilhed an edition of them at Ley¬ 
den in Greek and Latin, 8vo. the verfion being his own, 
and illultrated with notes. Of this edition our country¬ 
man Dr. John Davies, gave a new imprelTion, from the 
Cambridge prels, in 1703, 8vo. with corrections, addi¬ 
tional notes, and two ufeful indexes. Enfield's Hijl. Phil. 
vol. ii. 
MAX'IMUS, furnamed the Cynic, a pagan philofo¬ 
pher and pretender to theurgic arts in the fourth century, 
was 
