M E A S U It E. 
Co i 
The length of the Roman foot is Hated as follows: 
By Bernard 
By Picard and Hutton 
By Folkes 
By Raper (before Titus) 
By the fame (afterTitus) 
By Schuckburgli, from rules 
By the fame, from buildings 
11*64.0 Englilh inches. 
11*604 
11*592 
11*640 
11*580 
11*6064 
11*6172 
68*00 
68 *oo 
34*00 
9‘7 5 
6*o8 
6*o8 
6*o8 
32*06 
10*02 
7’75 
14*06 
18*05 
By the fame, from a tomb-ftone 11*6352 
Hence, 11 *6 Englifh inches feem to be a medium; and, 
therefore, the Roman mile 2= 1611 Englilh yards, being 
149 yards lefs than the Englilh mile. 
Meafures of the Human Body. 
We believe the mean height of the male, at the P e, 'iod 
of maturity, to be about five feet eight inches Englilh 
meafure ; and the following are the comparative average 
dimenfions of particular parts of the body in inches and 
decimal parts: 
Total height of the body • • 
From the tip of one middle-finger to the tip ot the 
other, the arms being extended laterally to a 
right angle with the trunk 
From the crown of the head to the top of the pubes 
From the crown of the head to the lower margin ot 
the chin 
From the lower margin of the chin to the top of 
the breaft . ■ 
From the top of the bread to the pit of the ftomach 
From the pit of the ftomach to the navel 
From the navel to the top of the pubes 
From the top of the prominence of the Ihoulders 
to the fold of the elbow 
From the fold of the elbow to the top of the hand 
The hand, meafured in the palm, from the lower 
fold of the wrift to the point of the middle-finger 
From the top of the infide of the thigh to the in- 
fide of the joint of the knee 
From the infide of the joint of the knee to the lole 
of the foot . • • 
The foot, meafured on the foie, from the pofterior 
margin of the heel to the point of the great toe 9*75 
II. Square, Superficial, or Land, Measure. 
Englijh fquare meafures are raifed from the yard of 36 
inches multiplied into itfelf, and thus producing 1296 
fquare inches in the fquare yard. The divifions of this 
are fquare feet and inches 5 and the multiples, poles, 
roods, and acres. Becaufe the length of a pole is 55 
yards, the fquare of the fame contains 30J- fquare yards. 
A fquare mile contains 640 fquare acres. In meafuring 
fens and woodlands, 18 feet are generally allowed to the 
pole, and 21 feet in foreft-lands. A hide of land, fre¬ 
quently mentioned in the earlier part of the Englilh hif- 
tory, contained about 100 arable acres 5 and 5 hides were 
efteemed a knight’s fee. At the time of the Norman con- 
queft, there were 243,600 hides in England. 
Scotch fquare or land meafure is regulated by the Scotch 
ell: 36 fquare ells — 1 fall, 40 falls =2: 1 rood, 4 roods ~ 
j acre. The proportion between the Scotch and Eng¬ 
lifli acre, fuppofing the feet in both meafures alike, is as 
1369 to 1089, or nearly as 5 to 4. If the difference of the 
feet be regarded, the proportion is as 10,000 to 7869. 
The length of the chain for meafuring land in Scotland is 
24 ells, or 74 feet. A hufband-land contains 6 acres of 
fock and fey the land, that is, of land that may be tilled 
with a plough or mown with a feythe ; 13 acres of arable 
land make one ox-gang, and four ox-gangs make a pound- 
land of old extent. 
The old French fquare meafures were regulated by 12 
fquare lines in the inch fquare, 12 inches in the foot, 
22 feet in the perch, and 100 perches in the arpent, or 
acre. 
Vol. XIV. No. 998. 
Ancient Greek fuperjtciai Meafures. 
Olympic Land-Meafure. 
36 Olympic fquare feet = r Hexapodon, 
6 Hexapoda . .=21 Hemiheiffos. 
2 Hemiheifti . . = 1 Hedtos or Modius. 
6 Modii . . = 1 Mediinnus or Jugerum. 
Hence it appears that the Olymoic jugerum was equal t* 
103 Englifli perches, or nearly -f-ths of an acre. 
Pythic Land-Meafure. 
i666§ Square cubits . — 1 Hemiheftos. 
2 Hemihecti . . — 1 Modius. 
6 Modii . — 1 Medimnus or jugerum. 
Hence the Pythic jugerum appears to have been equal t« 
109 Englilh perches, or nearly f £ths of an acre. 
The plethron, or acre, is faid by fome to contain 1444.- 
by others io,qoo, fquare feet; and the aroura, half of the 
plethron. The aroura of the Egyptians was the fquare 
of 100 cubits. 
Ancient Roman Land-Meafure. 
100 Square Roman feet = 1 Scrupulum of land. 
4 Scrupula . . — 
ii Sextulus ... 2= 
6 Sextuli, or 5 Aftus 22; 
6 Unciae ... 222 
Square Actus . — 
Jugera ... =2 
Heredia . . — 
2 
2 
100 
i Sextulus. 
1 Aftus. 
1 Uncia of land. 
1 Square Aftus. 
1 Jugerum. 
1 Heredium. 
1 Centuria. 
The aflus was a flip of ground four Roman feet broad, 
and 120 long. The jugerum , or acre, was confidered as an. 
integer, and divided, like the libra or as, in the following 
manner: 
Sq. Feet. 
Scrup. 
En. Roods. 
Sq.Pol. 
Sq.Feet. 
As 
• 
28800 
288 
z 
3 8 
250*05 
Deunx 
. 
26400 
264 
z 
10 
183*85 
Dextans 
• 
24000 
240 
z 
2 
117*64 
Dodrans . 
. 
21600 
216 
l 
34 - 
51*42 
Bes 
, 
19200 
192 
1 
35 
257*64 
Septunx . 
• 
16800 
168 
I 
17 
1 9 I-a S 
Semis 
• 
14400 
144 
I 
9 
125*03 
Quincunx . 
• 
12000 
120 
I 
1 
5882 
Triens . 
• 
9600 
96 
0 
32 
264*85 
Quadrans 
• 
7200 
7 a 
0 
24 
198*64 
Sextans 
• 
4800 
48 
0 
16 
132*43 
Uncia . 
- 
2400 
24 
0 
8 
66*21 
If we take the Roman foot at 11*6 inches, the Roman 
jugerum was 5980 Englifli fquare yards, or 1 acre 37J 
perches. 
Contents, of a Square Foot of different Countries, 
Square Inches, and hundredth Parts of an 
A Square Foot of Amfterdam contains 
Antwerp 
Berlin 
Bern - 
Bologna - - 
Bremen ... 
Denmark or Rhineland 
Dantzic ... 
Drefden 
England 
France ... 
Hamburgh 
Hanover - 
Konigfberg 
Leipfic - - 
Lifbon ... 
Milan - 
Nuremberg 
Ofnaburg 
Rome ... 
Spain ... 
.Sweden 
7 O 
in Englifh 
Inch. 
124*32 
126*34 
148*59 
133*25 
224*70 
129*50 
127*46 
124*10 
144*00 
163*33 
127*46, 
131*10 
146*65 
^ 3*43 
167*96 
243*98 
i 43*°4 
3 21*00 
134*56 
123*65 
136*65 
A Square 
