Arsenical Poisoning of Fruit Trees. 51 
case than in the latter. The composition of these ashes is even more 
striking than their quantities. The ashes were prepared with great 
care and yet there, was water present in some of them and there is a 
deficiency of carbonic acid. One of the samples was analyzed four 
times to be sure that no mistake had been made, the excess of bases 
and the presence of water could not be altered. The ashes had been 
treated with a solution of amnionic carbonate and subsequently heat¬ 
ed to 210 0 C. with the addition of dry amnionic carbonate. The car¬ 
bon, sand, and water have been deducted and the analyses stated on 
the basis of 100. 
Living 
tree 
L ving 
tree 
Dead tree, 
Sandy Loam 
Marly 
soil 
Mar y 
soil 
Wood 
Bark 
Wood 
Bark 
Wood 
Bark 
Silicic acid . 
• 0.837 
0.944 
0.807 
0-774 
0.604 
0-552 
Phosphoric acid. 
• 5.094 
3 . 1/0 
4.524 
1.500 
3-170 
1.234 
Chlorin . 
. Trace 
0 .195 
Trace 
Trace 
0.406 
0.135 
Sulfuric acid .. . . 
1.884 
0.554 
1.821 
0-449 
1.474 
0.396 
Carbonic acid .. 
. 29.549 
36.615 
33.826 
35-467 
34.970 
39-395 
Lime . 
,..26.000 
49.141 
35-920 
54-320 
41.264 
53-697 
Magnesia . 
. 9-289 
3 .i 89 
7-574 
1.40(8 
8.073 
1.125 
Ferric oxid . 
. 0.105 
0.212 
0.199 
0.184 
0.130 
0.182 
Manganic oxid .. 
,. 0.147 
0.101 
0.143 
0-175 
0.149 
0.127 
Potash . 
26.621 
5.264 
14.298 
5.200 
4.999 
1.750 
Soda . 
_ 0.474 
0.615 
0 .S 8 S 
0.523 
4.761 
1.407 
100.000 
100.000 
100.000 
100.000 
100.000 
100.000 
As already 
intimated 
we do 
not know 
whether 
any of 
these 
analyses can justly be considered as representing the quantity and 
composition of the ash of a perfectly normal apple tree. The New 
York trees were young and the bark and wood were evidently taken 
together. The object that that station had in view did not require 
the examination of these parts separately. 
We have seen that the limbs of the Jonathan trees growing on a 
marly soil contain 2.00 per cent of' ash whereas the limbs of trees 
growing on a sandy loam, the bark included in both cases, contain 
only 1.17 per cent. We notice further that the wood of ihe trees 
growing on the marly soil is high in lime and low in potash compared 
with that grown on the sandy loam, the ash of the former contains 
36 while the latter contained 26 per cent of lime; in regard to the potash 
the relative quantities are reserved, i. e., the ash of the former 
contains 14.3, that of the latter 26.6 per cent. The phosphoric acid 
of these ashes is much more nearly equal, 4.5 per cent in the wood grown 
on marly soil and 5.00 per cent in that of wood grown on a sandy loam. 
We find that the ashes of the barks also vary, that of the trees growing on 
the marly soil being very rich in lime, 54.3 per cent, while that of the 
trees grown on sandy loam contains 48.2 per cent. The phosphoric 
acid is twice as great in the ash of the bark from trees grown on sanely 
loam as on the marly soil. The results obtained for the quantity of 
ash present in the wood and bark of the dead tree and its composition 
seem to show mostly the extent to which the tree used up its ash 
constituents in dying. 
The analyses of the ashes given in the New York report are of 
