Liee and Care oe Farm Machinery in Colorado. i i 
is better to spend fifty cents for oil than to spend $5.00 for a 
new part. 
Application .—Surfaces of the wearing parts of a bearing must 
be covered with a thin film of oil to prevent cutting and to lighten 
the draft. 
A bearing does not have to be “swimming” in oil in order to 
be well lubricated, but oil should be applied often in small quan¬ 
tities and should reach the place which needs it. All oil holes must 
be kept open and free from dirt. Sometimes they become clogged, 
and while they may appear to be open, still they do not convey the 
oil to the wearing parts and a great deal of damage is done. Many 
machines have been condemned, simply because one or two oiling 
places have been entirely overlooked. Often, for lack of a few 
drops of oil, the entire machine is brought to a standstill. 
Kind of Lubricant .—There are many good grades of machine 
oils or lubricants on the market. There are also many poor grades 
of lubricants which are adulterated with rosin or paraffine, and may 
appear to be of excellent quality, but they are too gummy and dry 
up in a short time. Good oils will cost a little more than the cheap 
oils, but the higher priced oils really cost less in the end. 
For farm purpose oils may be classified into heavy oils, light 
oils, cup grease or hard oil and axle grease. These do not neces¬ 
sarily include gasoline engine and steam engine oils. 
The heavy oils are thick or viscous and are adapted to use only 
in such places as drive at slow speeds and carry heavy weights, as 
axles of wagons. The heavy oil is not easily forced out of the 
bearings and it lasts longer. 
Light oils or thin oils come in several grades. For ordinary 
farm machinery, a medium thin oil will answer a large share of 
the needs. For high speed, light running machinery, such as 
cream separators, a thinner oil is used than that advisable for 
ordinary farm machinery. This oil is not adapted to machinery 
that carries heavy loads as it will squeeze out of the bearings too 
easily. 
Cup grease or hard oil has many qualities to recommend it. 
It remains on the bearing very well, and is easily applied and can be 
used in place of heavy and medium oils. It is usually applied 
through an automatic compression cup or a hand screw cap cup. 
In using hard oil, dirt cannot enter the bearing with the oil, in 
fact, if any dirt enters the bearing from the end, the oil will force 
it out. Again, if the bearing should begin to heat, the oil will 
begin to melt and feed faster, if the grease cup is placed above the 
bearing. 
For gasoline and steam engine cylinders, special cylinder oil 
must be used. Gasoline cylinder oil is lighter and thinner than 
