io The: Colorado Experiment Station. 
This seems strong evidence that thinning the Winesap gives 
large returns for time and labor expended. The above figures are 
conservative in at least two respects: Tst. Many of the windfalls 
which were counted as culls could never have been sold for any 
purpose; especially was this true of the early dropped windfalls. 
Also there is much doubt as to whether the amount received for the 
culls would have paid for the extra labor required in picking, haul¬ 
ing and sorting. 2nd. The extra amount of time that it took to 
grade the apples from the unthinned trees for packing was consid¬ 
erable. These two expenses would alone almost offset the cost of 
thinning. 
Uniformity of size was very characteristic of the apples from 
the thinned trees, while the apples from the unthinned ones were 
of all sizes. (See Fig. i.) 
Better colored fruit was always found on the thinned trees 
than on the unthinned, due largely to the fact that the fruit on the 
unthinned trees was crowded and consequently more or less shaded. 
The lessened percentage of wormy apples, due to picking and 
destroying the apples infested by the first brood of worms, would 
probably be a saving sufficient to largely bear the expense of thin¬ 
ning. 
HOW To THIN. 
Study each tree individually and thin so that at picking time 
the tree will hold up well under a load of uniform, good sized and 
well colored apples. It takes experience and study to get the very 
best results from thinning. 
The experiment indicates that best results in thinning the 
Winesap can be attained when the apples are thinned to a distance 
of from nine to ten inches. It is well to commence at the top of the 
tree and work down. Perhaps, if there is any difference in distance 
to be made, it would be better to thin the apples on the lower limbs 
next to the trunk of the tree a little farther apart on account of 
there being more shade in this part of a tree. Although some shade 
is a good thing, as it prevents sun-scalded fruit, it is possible to 
have too much. 
A very good type of thinning shears is shown on the front 
cover page. Thinning is much more easily done with this instru¬ 
ment than by hand. (Fig. 2 shows how a small branch with a heavy 
load should be thinned.) 
Take off all terminal apples on long, slender branches and 
break all doubles. Take off all wormy appies and all those that are 
much smaller than the average. Take off all limb-bruised or badlv 
frost marked apples, and also those that are liable to become limb- 
bruised as they grow in size. Leave the apples in singles and in 
