Thinning of the Winesap. 
13 
In Fig. 2 there will be seen a case of 
sun scald. This sun scald generally takes 
place on the southwest side of the tree 
and, if severe enough, will work around, 
completely girdling the tree. On young 
apple trees sun scald is more frequent in 
winter than it is in summer. Especially 
is this true when the ground is covered 
with snow so that the sun’s rays are re¬ 
flected onto the trunks. It is very likely 
that sunny days and freezing tempera¬ 
tures at night have much to do with sun 
scald. The injury takes place, as a rule, 
from the snow line up to the scaffold 
limbs. In some cases it will be found to 
extend up on the scaffold limbs, but this 
latter condition is not so frequent. Pre¬ 
vention of sun scald is better than any 
remedy that could be prescribed for the 
trouble, although in severe cases it may 
be well to bridge graft. Whenever it is 
possible, it is better to use other methods 
than bridge grafting in Colorado, a$ our 
climate is so dry that it is very hard to 
keep the scions from drying out. Espe¬ 
cially is this true when scions of any 
length have to be used. The fact that, 
as a rule, but little sun scald bark is 
found on the scaffold limbs, is one reason 
at least why low headed trees are prac¬ 
tical. If by some method the ground 
could be left in such shape in the fall of 
the year as to prevent snow from lying 
in a level plane for any length of time, 
it might do much toward preventing sun 
scald of young trees. In localities where 
it is quite sure that the snow fall will be 
great enough to insure plenty of moist¬ 
ure, it might be well to leave the plowed 
ground in the fall in a rough state. This 
would do much to break the snow line. If 
a green shade crop were plowed under in the fall, this would help in 
the same way. In those places where the young orchards are both¬ 
ered by rabbits, a wire netting extending from the ground line to 
r - 1 
Fig. 1. Cracks at base of Rome 
Beauty caused by winter freezing-. 
Fig. 2. Winter injury by sun 
scald on southwest side of Wine- 
sap. The affected portion is cutout 
