Thinning of the: Winfsap. x 5 
rate, when severe freezing of the wood has taken place, it is 
1 to wait until the buds have started so that one will know where 
prune. Even then peach trees may be so injured as to live 
nths or in some cases a vear or two before dying from the ef- 
:s of freezing. The so-called “collar girdle” seems to be one 
t does not show until some time after the freezing has taken 
ce Trees injured by freezing very often need to be severely cut 
•k.' A peach tree will stand a heavier heading back than the apple 
I for this reason can be pruned very severely, so that it will have 
hance to put forth a new growth which, when properly pi tinea. 
i take the place of the old head. . . 
One of the very important things to watch m connection with 
h voting apple and peach trees is that of irrigation. It is a very 
Dd plan to get all of the growth possible during the early part ot 
: growing season, so that the trees may have a chance to harden 
during late summer. In order to do this a young orchard shou c 
zer be irrigated later than the first of August, and in many cases 
would be better if the last summer irrigation took place not later 
m Julv 15th, the time varying somewhat with location, kind or 
1 , etc. Then, if no moisture comes in the latter part of October 
first of November, it is a good thing to irrigate. If the tiees aie 
t properly ripened or hardened off there is much danger that they 
II be killed back more or less by the first fall freeze. The writer 
s seen cases of young peach trees where the terminals were killed 
ck for several inches as earlv as the middle of October. This was 
an orchard where the irrigation was kept up until some time m 
ptember. The orchardist’s object was to mature a crop of corn 
at he was raising between the peach tree rows. By spring every 
ach tree in this orchard was killed to the ground. It often hap- 
ais that a peach tree has enough vitality and plant food m t le 
unk and limbs to leaf out and may even bloom,, and at the same 
ne it may be so injured by freezing as to be girdled somewiere 
1 the trunk so that in a little while the whole tiee dies. 
In the case of voung apple trees, where the top is frozen back 
, the trunk, or where the trunk is injured by sun scald and freez- 
g, it is sometimes possible to insert a scion by the cleft or ker. 
ethod and thus growing a new top. In top working of this kind 
1 sure that the top is cut off below the injuied poition c ., have 
le stock of good, sound wood. It is often possible to top work a 
Dung tree in this manner so that a single year s growth would al- 
lost equal that which was killed. In a case like this, wheie a tiee 
as a well established root system, it does not take long to form a 
ood top. but one must be careful about letting it glow too late m 
le season, as growth like this takes more time to haiden off than 
Ten slower growth is made. In young trees which have undei 
