i2 Colorado Experiment Station. 
Figure 2. Raspberries well covered. Note the wide ridges which help 
to prevent the soil from rolling off of the sides and tops. 
long before the rows will be growing on ridges. In order to keep this 
soil from forming into ridges it is necessary to remove it with a hand 
hoe from between the hills. 
Pruning. 
Perhaps no one thing has as much to do with the life of the rasp¬ 
berry plantation as that of pruning: 
Pruning for Red Raspberry .—It is a good plan to prune out all old 
canes just after the fruiting season and the following fall cut the main 
canes from three and one half to four feet in length and also remove 
any small inferior ones. It is, as a rule, better to leave more canes 
in the fall than you really need. The next spring when the canes are 
uncovered take out all canes that have been injured or broken and 
leave only the better ones in each hill. The number to leave depends 
on the vitality, etc. of the plants. This can best be determined by 
practice. As a rule, eight to fifteen canes are enough, when proper¬ 
ly selected, for each hill. Where red raspberries go through the 
winter without covering they should be treated the same as black-caps. 
But it is thought for most districts of Colorado it would be better to 
_ 
