ANIMALS IN MOTION. 
156 
The transverse-gallop is employed by the horse, and 
by the greater number of other animals, both horny and 
soft-footed; the rotatory-gallop is adopted by the dog, 
the deer, and some other animals. 
We will devote our attention, firstly, to the transverse 
or cross-gallop. 
Series 46 illustrates twenty-one consecutive phases, 
which occurred in one stride of a thorough-bred Ken¬ 
tucky horse, exerting all his power to gallop at his highest 
speed. 
For convenience of reference, the analysis commences 
with phase 2, and is completed with 22, although it will 
be noticed an inch or so more of progress is necessary 
to obtain an exactly corresponding phase to that with 
which we commence; and for the greater convenience 
of the student it will be sufficient to assume that the 
distance-intervals of the phases are thirteen and three- 
quarter inches. The time-intervals, as recorded by the 
chronograph, are exactly twenty-two one-thousandths of 
a second each. 
In this stride, the spring is effected from A, and we 
soon find the horse with all his legs more or less flexed 
under the body, affording no support thereto until a 
period that occurs between 6 and 7 ; the exact phase of 
first contact did not happen to be photographed. 
In 7 O is firmly on the ground; the pastern has 
exercised its duties as a spring or a cushion to lessen the 
concussion ; the heel being already in close proximity to 
the ground, into which it is impressed in 8 and 9. The 
distance the body was hurled through the air, with the 
final assistance of A, was about seventy-eight inches in 
a little more than the tenth of a second. 
In 10 • has just commenced assisting O ; they do 
not, however, long remain in company, for in 12 O is 
already lifted, and upon # devolves the unaided duty 
of support. O and • present the shortest distance-interval 
of combined support, forty-six inches only; 13 discloses 
A in actual contact with the ground, but the pastern has 
not yet commenced to bend; support is now furnished 
by the diagonals at a distance of ninety inches from each 
other. As the leg of A becomes vertical, the pastern 
gradually becomes horizontal, until in 14 and 15 its joint 
is impressed into the ground. The great weight of the 
horse commences in 14 to be thrown on A, which receives 
no assistance until a little beyond 1 7, in which phase the 
shoe of ▲ is yet about two inches above the track. The 
combined support of A and ▲ is of very brief duration, 
for the great distance they are apart (sixty inches) renders 
much progress, without separation, impossible. 
In 18 A has been on the ground for a consider¬ 
able time, as is demonstrated by the nearly vertical 
position of the leg, and the consequent bending of the 
pastern. 
It is interesting to note the enormous amount of work 
this leg has to do, for in its duplex offices of support and 
propulsion it receives no assistance through eight intervals, 
a distance of much more than one hundred inches. If 
each of the legs of the horse had carried him an equal 
distance during this stride, it would have measured more 
than twelve yards. 
