APPENDIX. 
In the Introduction, reference was made to the elaborate 
book on Horsemanship by the Marquis of Newcastle, 
originally published in the French language at Antwerp, 
1658. The following extracts are taken from the Preface 
of the English edition of the work, published at London, 
1743 :— 
“ I might make an Article here regarding the Stile in which this Book 
is writ: But I think it sufficient to observe to my Readers, that I neither 
write as a Wit myself, nor for a Gentleman of Wit. Educated in the 
Stable, in the Stud in the Manage, in the midst of Horses in the Army, 
I have never been a Member of the French Academy. I write for 
those who, like myself, make it their Profession to be among Horses; 
it is enough that I make myself understood by them, by a proper Use 
of the Terms of Art, in which I presume I have pretty well succeeded.” 
A chapter in this book is devoted to “The Movements 
of a Horse in all his Natural Paces,” which are described 
as follows :— 
“The Walk.—A Horse in walking has two of his feet in the air, and 
two upon the ground, which move otherways at the same time, one 
fore and one hind-foot, which is the movement of a gentle trot. 
“The Trot. —The action of his legs in this movement is two feet in 
the air, and two upon the ground, which he moves crossways at the 
same time; one fore and one hind-foot across, which is the movement 
of the walk : for the movement of a horse’s legs is the same in walking 
as in trotting, where he moves them cross-ways, two in the air across, 
and two upon the ground at the same time; so that those which were 
across in the air at one time, are afterwards in the same situation upon 
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the ground, and so vice versd. This is the real movement of a horse’s 
legs in trotting. 
“The Amble.—A horse in this action moves both legs on the same 
side; for example, he moves his two off-legs both before and behind 
at the same time, while those of the near side are at a stand; and 
when those two which were in motion before touch the ground, he 
moves the other side, viz. the fore and hind leg on the near side, and 
the off-legs are then at rest. Hence a pacing horse moves both legs 
on one side, and changes the side at each motion, having both legs on 
the same side in the air, and those of the other side upon the ground 
at the same time, which motion is the perfect amble. 
“ The Gallop. —Galloping is a different movement; for in this pace 
a horse can lead with which leg the rider pleases, but the leg on the 
same side must follow it; I mean when he gallops directly forward, 
and then this is a true gallop. But that the leading of the fore-leg 
may be rightly understood, which ought to be followed by the hind-leg 
of the same side, the leg moves in the following manner: for example, 
if the fore off-leg leads, it consequently follows by such leading, that 
the same fore-leg ought to be before the other fore-leg, and the hind¬ 
leg on the same side ought to follow, which hind-leg ought to be 
before the other hind-leg, which is the right gallop. 
“But in order to understand it the better, the motion in galloping is in 
action I have described, which is one leg before the other, and when 
his fore-legs come down, before they touch the ground, they are imme¬ 
diately followed by those behind; so that, as I have said before, they 
are all in the air at the same time : for his hind-legs begin to move when 
the fore-legs begin to fall, by which the whole horse is entirely in the air. 
How would it otherwise be possible, that a horse in running should leap 
twice his length, if the motion of the gallop was not a leap forwards ? 
