' N E \V 
one for epifcopalians. The public fquare is encircled 
with rows of trees, which render it both convenient and 
delightful: many of the ftreets are alfo ornamented with 
trees, giving to the city a rural appearance. The city 
contains between 3 and 400 neat houfes, chiefly of wood. 
Within the limits of the city there were, in 1798, 547 
houfes, and upwards of 4000 perfons, of whom about 
one in feventy dies annually. As to pleafantnefs and 
falubrity, Newhaven is hardly exceeded by any town in 
America. It carries on a confiderable trade with New 
York and the Weft-India iflands. The exports for one 
year, ending Sept. 1794, amounted in value to 171,868 
dollars. Here are manufactures of card-teeth, linen, but¬ 
tons, cotton, and paper. This place and Hartford are the 
feats of the legiflature alternately. It is forty miles fouth- 
weft-by-fouth of Hartford, 152 from Bofton, and 183 
north-eaft of Philadelphia. Lat. 41.18. N. Ion. 72. 56. W. 
NEWHA'VEN, a town of the Hate of Vermont: 145 
miles nofth-north-weft of Bofton, and feventy-five north 
of Bennington. Lat. 44. 6. N. Ion. 73. 8. S. 
NEWHA'VEN, a river of United America, which runs 
into the Otter Creek five miles fouth of Newhaven, in the 
ftate of Vermont. 
NEWHA'VEN, a town of Scotland, in the county of 
Edinburgh, on the Forth. It is a place for fifhing, and 
of late has been much refofted to for fea-bathing : one 
mile fouth of Leith. 
NEWHA'VEN, or Mee'ching, a town of England, in 
the county of Suflex, fituated on the Englilh Channel, 
having a fmall but convenient harbour, at the mouth of 
the river Oufe. There is a fmall fort at the entrance, and 
above that is the town. It is a good haven for fiiips to 
run into, when they are overtaken by tempeftuous wea¬ 
ther, as it poflefi.es a good depth of water. This branch 
of the channel is navigable for fmall craft up to the town 
of Lewes, by means of the river Oufe, and the haven is 
generally made the ftation of a fmall (loop of war, to in¬ 
tercept the fmuggling-trade, which fome years ago was 
carried to a very great extent on this coaft. It is feven 
miles fouth of Lewes, and fifty-fix fouth of London. 
Lat. so. 47. N. Ion. o. 4. E. 
NEW'IN. See Nevin, vol. xvi. p. 754. 
NEW'ING, J'. Yeft or barm. Ainfworth. 
NEWTNGTON, a town of the ftate of Georgia: five 
miles north-weft of Savannah. 
NEW'INGTON, a townftiip of America, formerly part 
of Portfmouth and Dover, in Rockingham-county, New 
Hampftiire, containing 481 inhabitants. 
NEWINGTON BUTT'S, a large village, fituated in 
the eaftern divifion of the hundred of Brixton, and county 
of Surrey, at the diftance.of fomewhat more than a mile 
to the fouth of London-bridge. The parifti is of very 
fmall extent, confifting only of about three hundred acres, 
of which a third is covered with houfes, and the remainder 
laid out in gardens and pafturage. It is bounded on the 
weft by the parifti of Lambeth ; on the eaft and north by 
that of St. George, Southwark; and on the fouth by 
Camberwell. Newington was originally fpelt Newetnn , 
and afterwards Ntwenton. It occurs firft: as Newington- 
Bults in a record dated 1558, when there can be no doubt 
but that “ butts” were placed here for archers to Ihoot at. 
According to the parliamentary returns of 1811, this 
parifti contains 4994 houfes, and 23,853 inhabitants. ■ By 
the returns of 1801, the former were only eftimated at 
4940, and the latter at 14,847, fo that the population has 
increafed more than a third of its total amount within the 
laft ten years. At the beginning of the laft century, the 
number of houfes was only 660. 
Mr. Lyfons is of opinion that the church of this parifti 
flood originally at Walworth ; and that, on its removal 
to the prefent fite, the buildings which were erefted 
around it acquired the name of the New Town. The 
firft church was a very fmall ftruCture, being only forty- 
three feet in length from eaft to weft. Notwithftanding 
many expenfive repairs, it was found neceffary to take 
N' E W M 
tliis church down in 1720, and build a new one, which 
was opened in the following year. This, however, being 
found inadequate to the increafed number of inhabitants, 
an a£t of parliament was obtained for ereCting another, 
which was completed in 1793, and dedicated to St. Mary. 
It is eighty-feven feet in length, and fifty-eight in breadth, 
with a curvature at the eaft end for the chancel. At the 
weft end is a portico of the Doric order, with a triangular 
pediment, above which is a turret and cupola. The build¬ 
ing is of brick, in the modern ftyle, without detached 
ailles. This church is a reCtory, and one of the peculiars 
of the fee of Canterbury. The advowfon was formerly 
in the archbiftiops; but Cranmer gave it to Henry VIII. 
by whom it was fettled on the bilhop of Worcefter and his 
fucceflors, who ftill retain it. The “ Houfe of God,” of 
which we had occafion to fpeak under the article London, 
vol. xiii. p. 514. is at this time (Dec. 1818) converted 
into an alehoufe, to accommodate the cuftomers of the 
Elephant and Caftle, which has been pulled down, and is 
re-building. 
In this parifti are the Drapers’ Alms-houfes, for four men 
and eight women, founded by Mr. John Walter, in 1651. 
Newington has the privilege of appointing fix of its own 
pariftiioners ; they receive 5s. each monthly, and half a 
chaldron of coals, to which the parifti-officers add a week¬ 
ly penfion as they fee fit. The remaining fix are appointed 
by the Drapers’ Company. The ftatutes of thefe alms- 
houfes are printed at large in Aubrey’s Antiquities of 
Surrey, vol. v. p. 142.—There is another fet of alms- 
houfes, in the village itfelf, founded by the fame gentle¬ 
man, for lixteen poor men and women; (he likewife 
founded a third let, in Old-ftreet, in 1658, for eight poor 
widows.)—For an account of the Filhmongers’ Alms- 
houfes, fo well known in this place, fee the article London, 
p. 514, 15. and for particulars of fome adjoining villages, 
fee Milton, vol. xv. p. 402. 
Walworth is only a hamlet in the parifii of Newington- 
Butts, between that and Camberwell; but it has lately 
fo rapidly increafed in buildings, as to be equal in fize to 
many towns. It confifts principally of houfes belonging 
to the opulent citizens of London, either fiuch as have re¬ 
tired from bufinefs, or under the notion of country-houfes, 
though fo clofe to the town. It is however a very piea- 
faut iituation. This was probably the birth-place of the 
celebrated fir William Walworth, the ftory of whofe ex¬ 
ploit in Smithfield, in killing Wat Tyler, is handfomely 
painted on the fign of one of the public-houfes here. 
In Eaft-lane, there are two Baptift meeting-houfes; and 
in Weft-lane is one for Independents, who have another 
in Lock’s Fields. 
Camberwell is an extenfive parifti, including the villages 
of Peckham and Dulwich. From the Grove-houfe, a 
noted tavern in the village of Camberwell, is an afcend- 
ing avenue of trees, called the Grove, near the termina¬ 
tion of which is the villa of the late Dr. Lettfom, called 
Camberwell Grove, which commands a fine profpeCt over 
the metropolis on one fide, and of Shooter’s Hill and the 
hills of Dulwich and Sydenham on the other. Befides 
the pleafure-groundSjDr. Lettfom had a botanical garden, 
and a fine collection of exotics. Denmark-hiil, near the 
Grove, commands likewife a beautiful project. The 
church is an ancient ftrufture; but the fouth aifle was 
rebuilt and enlarged in 1787. 
Peckham is a hamlet of Camberwell, between that and 
New Crofs, Deptford. Here is a feat, built in the reign 
of James II. by fir Thomas Bond, who, being engaged 
in the pernicious fchemes of that prince, was obliged to 
leave the kingdom, when the houfe was plundered by the 
populace, and became forfeited to the crown. It was af¬ 
terwards the feat of lord Trevor. The front has a fpacious 
garden before it, from which extend two rows of large 
elms. The kitchen-garden, and the walls, were planted- 
with the choiceft fruit-trees from France; and an expe¬ 
rienced gardener was fent for from Paris to have the ma¬ 
nagement of them 5 fo that the collection of fruit-trees i.r 
this 
