18 NEW NEW 
on Saturday; and the fairs, of which there are four annu¬ 
ally, on the laft Saturday in April, the third Saturday in 
July, the fourth Saturday in October, and the fecond Sa¬ 
turday in December. There is in this town a charity- 
fchool, founded and endowed by Dr. Daniel Williams, a 
diftinguifhed diffenting-minifter. According to the par¬ 
liamentary returns of 1811, the whole parilh contained 
f>9 houfes, and 469 inhabitants. 
NEWMAR'KET, a poft-town of the county of Kil¬ 
kenny, Ireland : 129 miles fouth-fouth-weft from Dublin, 
and twelve fouth-by-weft from Kilkenny.—A poft-town 
of the county of Clare, fituated upon a river which falls 
into the Fergus 108 miles weft-fouth-weft from Dublin, 
and fourteen weft-by-north from Limeric.—A fmall mar¬ 
ket-town of the county of Cork, in the north-weftern 
part. It is fituated on the river Alio, which afterwards 
unites with the Dalua, and is a confiderable thoroughfare 
to the county of Kerry : 129I miles fouth-weft from Dub¬ 
lin, and about thirty north-by-weft from Cork. 
NEWMAR'KET, a town of Virginia: twenty miles 
fouth-weft of Woodftock.—A town of Virginia, on James 
River: one hundred miles above Richmond.—A town of 
the ftateof Ohio: 465 miles weft of Wafhington.—A town 
of New Hampfhire : thirteen miles weft of Portfmouth.—- 
A town of Maryland : thirteen miles weft-fouth-weft of 
Frederickftown. —A town of Maryland, on the Choptank: 
nine miles north-eaft of Cambridge. 
NEW'MILLS, a confiderable borough of barony, and 
a market-town, is fituated in the parifti of Loudoun and 
county of Ayr, North Britain. It is a place of great an¬ 
tiquity, but did not receive its charter of erection till the 
reign of James IV. at which time it appears from the 
deed itfelf to have been a town of no fmall importance. 
The fuperior lords were the earls of Loudoun ; and in 
their right the fuperiority is confequently enjoyed by the 
countefis of Loudoun and Moira, now marciiionefs of 
Haftings. According to the population-returns of 1811, 
the parifh contained 461 houfes, and 3170 inhabitants, of 
whom about 1500 may occupy the town, which is not fo 
extenfive as formerly. 
NEW'MILLS, a town of New Jerfey: five miles eaft of 
Philadelphia. 
NEW'NESS, f. Frefhnefs; latenefs; recentnefs; ftate 
of being lately produced.—When Horace writ his fatires, 
the monarchy of his Casfar was in its newnefs, and the go¬ 
vernment but juft made eafy to his conquered people. 
Dry den's Juvenal. 
In thefe difturbances. 
And tmvnefs of a wavering government, 
To avenge them of their former grievances. Daniel. 
Novelty; unacquaintance.—Words borrowed of antiquity 
do lend niajefty to ftyle ; they have the authority of years, 
and out of their intermifiion do win to themfelves a kind 
of grace like newnej's. B. Jorjbn. —Something lately pro¬ 
duced.—There are fome newneffes of Englifh, tranflated 
from the beauties of modern tongues, as well as from the 
elegances of the Latin ; and here and there fome old words 
are fprinkled, which, for their fignificance and found, de- 
ferved not to be antiquated. Dryden's Don Sebajlian. — 
Innovation ; late change: 
Away, my friends, new flight; 
And happy newnej's that intends old right. Shaliefpeare. 
Want of prablice.—His device was to come without any 
device, all in white like a new knight; but fo new, as his 
newne/s fliamed moft of the others' long exercife. Sydney. — 
Difference from the former manner.—Like as Chrift was 
raifed up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even 
fo we alfo fhould walk in newnefs of life. Rom. vi. 4. 
NEW'NHAM, a market-town in Gloucefterfhire, plea- 
fantly fituated on the banks of the Severn. It was an¬ 
ciently a borough; but is now governed by two beams , 
or conftables ; has a market on Friday, and fairs on the 
nth of June and 18th of O&ober. Here is a, very fafe 
ferry over theSevern, which is near a mile wide, to Arling- 
ham on the oppofite fide. At Ayleford, in this parifti, 
are extenfive forges for working bar-iron and iron-wire, 
Newnham is diftant from Gloucefter twelve miles, Mit- 
chel Dean fix, Chepftow feventeen, and London one hun¬ 
dred and fixteen. It was reckoned a kind of out-poft to 
Gloucefter; and here is faid to have been the firft fortifica¬ 
tion erebted againft the Welfn. The church Hands on a 
commanding cliff near the river; the arch leading into 
the chancel is ornamented with zig-zag mouldings; and 
is fuppofed to have been preferved from the ruins of a 
more ancient ftrubhire, which ftood at a place called 
Nabb’s Ends. The population of this parifti in the year 
1811 was reported to parliament as 932, occupying 155 
houfes; the latter are moftiy ranged in one long ftreet. 
The chief employ of the labouring inhabitants is fur- 
nifhed by the verdigris-manufaffory, and fome fhip-build- 
ing. A glafs-houfe was erefted here in the reign of 
Charles I. but is now dellroyed. A quay for vefiels of 
150 tons burthen was built about the middle of the laft 
century; and fome trade is carried on with Briftol, Lon¬ 
don, and other parts ; but, the navigation of this part of 
the river being unfavourable, a preference has been given 
to Gatcombe, a port a few miles lower down the river. 
Weftbury is a village two miles north eaft from Newn¬ 
ham, four fouth-eaft from Mitchel Dean, and ten fouth- 
weft from Gloucefter, between the Foreft,of Dean on the 
weft and the Severn on the fouth and eaft. The parifti is 
reckoned twenty-three miles in' compafs. Peacock’s- 
brook, rifing in Yartleton-hill, runs through it into the 
Severn. Here are two churches in the fame church-yard, 
viz. the Old the New. 
Flaxley is a village three miles from Newnham and ten 
from Gloucefter, containing very extenfive iron-works. 
Here was amagnificent abbey, built in the reign ofHenryl. 
anno 1110; and accidentally deftroyed by fire April 1, 
1771, to the lofs of 7000I. 
Saul is four miles from Newnham, fix from Durfley, and 
nine from Gloucefter. The church is a perpetual curacy 
in the deanery of Gloucefter: it is a low building, with 
an embattlement at one end. 
NEW'NHAM PAD'DOX, a village in Warwickfhire, 
five miles from Rugby. It was anciently called Newn¬ 
ham juxta Monk’s Kirby, Newnham Parva, and Cold 
Newnham. 
NEW'NHAM RE'GIS, or King’s Newnham, a vil¬ 
lage of Warwickfhire, on the Avon, oppofite to Rugby. 
Its church was united to Lawford in 1595. Here are three 
fprings, whofe water is reckoned a good medicine for the 
ftone: being drunk with fait it is laxative, but with fugar 
reftringent. Wilkes's Britijh Directory. 
NEW'PORT, a large borough and market-town in the 
Ifle of Wight, and county of Southampton, is fituated 
near the centre, and may be regarded as the metropolis, 
of the ifland. Richard de Redvers, fecond earl of Devon- 
fhire, granted the firft charter of privileges to Newport in 
the reign of Henry II. but this contained little more than 
a grant of liberties in general terms. The next deed was 
granted by the countefs Ifabella de Fortibus, and con¬ 
firmed by Edward III. and alfo by feveral fucceeding mo- 
narchs. This grant conferred the privilege of a market 
and tolls, and many other immunities; but the town was 
not incorporated till the reign of king James I. whofe char¬ 
ter was afterwards confirmed and extended by Charles II. 
Under this laft deed the government is vefted in a mayor, 
eleven aldermen, a recorder, a town-clerk, and twelve 
burgeffes, who are chofen from among the principal in¬ 
habitants. Two members are fent from this borough to 
ferve in parliament; they are elefted by the corporation, 
and returned by the mayor. The firft return was made 
in the 23d year of Edward I. but the privilege was never 
again afted upon till the 27th year of queen Elizabeth, 
when it was reftored through the intereft of fir George 
Carey, then captain of the ifland. 
The corporation was formerly under the influence of 
the 
