N O R 
Everykindof garden-vegetable grows well, and comes 
to great perfection: cabbages weigh from io to 27 
pounds each : melons and pumpkins grow alfo very fine. 
Cotton and indigo thrive in fome parts of the ifiand. 
Rice has been fown twice, but the fouth-eaft winds 
blighted a great part of it; that which efcaped the blight 
yielded a great increale. Laftly, a plant producing pep¬ 
per, and fuppofed to be the true oriental pepper, has 
been difcovered lately in the ifiand, growing in great 
plenty. The quantity of ground cleared and cultivated 
in March 1790, was thirty acres belonging to the crown, 
and about eighteen acres cleared by free people and 
convicts for their gardens.” Notwithftanding this fa¬ 
vourable account, it has been at length thought fit to 
abandon the fettlement entirely. Norfolk Ifiand lies in 
I at. 29. 2. 30. S. Ion. 168. 16. See Cook’s Second Voyage, 
vol. ii. Governor Phillips’s Voyage to Botany Bay ; and 
our article New Holland, vol. xvi. p. 774. 
NORFOLK SOU'ND, a bay on the north-well coail of 
America. According to the account of captain George 
Dixon, it is fituated in lat. 57. 3. N. Ion. 135. 36. W. It 
is a very extenfive place, but how far it llretches to the 
northward is not known. There may poflibly be a paf- 
fage through to the Bay of Iflands, but neither is this 
certain. The Ihore, in common with the reft of the coaft, 
abounds with pines; there are alfo great quantities of 
the witch-hazel. There are various kinds of flowering 
trees and flirubs, wild goofeberries, currants, and rafp- 
berries ; wild parfley is found here in great plenty, and 
it eats excellently either as a falad or boiled amongll 
foup. The faranne, or wild lily-root, grows alfo in great 
plenty and perfection. There are a very few wild geefe 
or ducks feen here, but they are Ihy and difficult of ap¬ 
proach. The women here, as w r ell as at Port Mulgrave, 
and Hippah, one of Queen Charlotte’s iflands, ornament, 
or rather diftort, their lips by perforating them with a 
great piece of wood or bone; and, as Dixon fays, it ftiould 
jfeem, that the female who is ornamented with the largeft 
piece of wood is generally molt refpected by her friends, 
and by the community in general. Lat. 57. 3. N. Ion. 
from Paris 135. 36. W. 
NOR'GHES, a town of Alia, in the principality of 
Georgia, which was taken in 1395 by Timur Bee, who 
put the inhabitants to the fword and razed the walls. 
NOR'HAM, a village of England, in the county of 
Durham, infulated in the county of Northumberland, 
giving name to a trad of country called Norhamjhire. It 
is a place of antiquity; and laid to have been anciently 
called Uhlunford, and built in the year 830, by Egfrid 
biftiop of Lindisfarn ; the remains of king Ceolwulf were 
removed from Lindisfarn, and interred here. The church 
had formerly the privilege of a fanCluary : the caftle of 
Norham was built in the year 1121, by Ralph Flambert 
bifliop of Durham, on the edge of a rock above the 
Tweed : in 1138, it was taken by the Scots, and deftroyed ; 
in 1174, it was reftored by Hugh Pudfey bifhop of Dur¬ 
ham, and furrendered by him to the crown. In 1215, it 
was befieged, but not taken, by Alexander king of Scot¬ 
land. In the year 1290, a convention was held here, pre¬ 
vious to king Edward’s arbitration between Bruce and 
Baliol, competitors for the crown of Scotland. In 1318, 
it was again befieged, without fuccefs, by the Scots, who 
took it in 1322, but held it only ten days, being then re¬ 
taken by king Edward. In 1326, an unfuccefsful attempt 
was made; but, in 1327, the Scots took, it by ftorm, and 
deftroyed a great part of the caftle and town. It was af¬ 
terwards repaired by Fox biftiop of Durham ; and, before 
the battle of Flodden Field, the Scots again attempted to 
take it, and deftroyed part of the outworks. It is fix 
miles fouth-weft of Berwick, and 330 north of London. 
NOR'HOLM, a town of Norway, in the diocefe of 
Chriftianfand: fixteen miles north-north-eaft of Chriftian- 
fand. 
NO'RI, a town of the ifiand of Sardinia; eighteen 
miles north-eaft of Cagliari, 
NOR 147 
NO'RIA, a town of South America, in the province 
of Cordova: twenty-one north-north-weft of Cordova. 
NO'RIA, f. An hydraulic machine of great antiquity, 
flightly mentioned under our article Mechanics, vol. xiv. 
p. 742. and Hill much ufed in Spain. It confifts of a 
vertical wheel of twenty feet diameter, on the circum- 
terence of which are fixed a number of little boxes or 
fquare buckets, for the purpofe of railing the water out 
of the well, communicating with the canal below', and 
to empty it into a refervoir above, placed by the fide of 
the wheel. The buckets have a lateral orifice to receive 
and to difeharge the water. The axis of this wheel is 
embraced by four fmall beams,crofting each other at right 
angles, tapering at the extremities, and forming eight 
little arms. This wheel is near the centre of the horle- 
waik, contiguous to the vertical axis, into the top of 
which the horfe-beam is fixed ; but near the bottom it is 
embraced by four little beams, forming eight arms fimilar 
to thofe above deferibed, on the axis of the water-wheel. 
As the mule which they ufe goes round, thefe horizontal 
arms, fupplying the place of cogs, take hold, each in fuc- 
ceffion, of thofe arms which are fixed on the axis of the 
water-wheel, and keep it in rotation. This machine, 
than which nothing can be cheaper, throws up a great 
quantity of water ; yet undoubtedly it has two defeCls: 
the firft is, that part of the water runs out of the buckets 
and falls back into the well after it has been railed nearly 
to the level of the refervoir : the fecond is, that a confi- 
derable proportion of the water to be difeharged is railed 
higher than the refervoir, and falls into it only at the mo¬ 
ment when the bucket is at the higheft point of the circle, 
and ready to defeend. Both thefe defefls might be re¬ 
medied with eafe, by leaving thefe fquare buckets open 
at one end, making them living on a pivot fixed a little 
above their centre of gravity, and placing the trough of 
the refervoir in fuch a pofition as to Hop their progrefs 
whilft perpendicular, make them turn upon their pivot, 
and fo dilcharge their contents. 
Mr. Townfend, from udiom we have taken the above 
account, thinks that, on account of the extreme fimpli- 
city of this machine, it is an invention of the moll re¬ 
mote antiquity. By means of it the inhabitants every 
morning draw as much water from the well as will ferve 
through the day, and in the evening dillribute it to every 
quarter according to the nature of their crops. The re- 
fervoirs into which they raife the water are about 20, 30, 
or even 40, feet fquare, and three feet high above the fur- 
face of the ground, with a Hone cope on the wall, de¬ 
clining to the w'ater for the women to walh and beat their 
clothes upon. Our limits preclude us from following 
Mr. Townfend farther in the defeription of a particular 
noria ufed at Barcelona; which he conceives to be the 
original chain-pump, or at leall its parent. He compares 
it with fimilar inftruments, and Ihows its advantages and 
difadvantages. From the refervoir the water is conveyed 
by channels to every part of the garden ; thefe have di- 
vifions and fubdivifions, or beds, fome large, others very 
fmall, feparated from each other by little channels, into 
which a boy with his Ihovel or his hoe directs the water, 
firft into the moll diftant trenches, and fucceffively to all 
the reft, till all the beds and trenches have been either 
covered or filled with water. The Perjian Wheel is an 
improvement of this machine. See the article above re¬ 
ferred to, p. 761, 2. 
NOR'ICUM, a country of ancient Illyricum, which 
now forms a part of modern Bavaria and Anjiria. It ex¬ 
tended between the Danube, and part of the Alps and 
Vindelicia. Its lavage inhabitants, who were once go¬ 
verned by kings, made many incurfions upon the Ro¬ 
mans, and were at laft conquered under Tiberius, and 
the country became a dependent province. In the reign 
of Dioclefian, Noricum was divided into two parts, Ri- 
penfe and Mediterranean. The iron that was drawn from 
Noricum was efteemed excellent, and thence Noricus ehfis 
was ufed to exprefs the goodnefs of a fword. 
NORI'E, 
